Мальтийский сокол (роман)
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Interested Article - Мальтийский орден
lauretta
- 2021-06-26
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??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????-??????????? ??? ??? ? ? ?????? ?????? . ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? 113 ????????????? , ?????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????.
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????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? , ???????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? 70—80 ???????? . ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ????-??????, ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????, ? ????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ????????????? ?????????? . ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? .
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????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????????? ? 1080 ???? ?????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ? 1099 ???? ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ? ??????????-??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????.
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????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? , ???????? ???????? ?? ???????, ? ????? ??????? ?????? ? 1522 ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? , ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????-?????? ???????. ? XVI ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????, ????????????? ? ??????????? ???? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (??????????? ?????). , ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????-???? ? 1639 ????, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????, ??? ??? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ? 1651 ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????-???? , ???-?????? ? ???-????????? . ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????, ? ???????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????-???? ? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????. ? 1665 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????-??????? ???????? , ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????.
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? 24 ?????? 2017 ???? ????? ????? ? ???????? ??? ????????????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? 28 ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ad interim (???????? ??????????? ???????????) ?? 29 ?????? 2017 ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? . 29 ?????? 2017 ??????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????-????? (?. 9 ??????? 1944, ???) . ?? ????????? ????????? ????? 2 ??? 2018 ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ?????-????? ?????? 80-? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? .
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? ?????????, ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????, ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? Tuitio Fidei et Obsequium Pauperum (???? ?? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ???????). ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????????. ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ??????, ???????? ??? ????????????????.
? 31 ??? 2014 ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? .
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C 16 ??????? 2016 ???? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? .
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C 31 ??? 2014 ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??? .
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?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????????????, ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???????????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?, ????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ??????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????.
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? 31 ??? 2014 ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ??????????? ? ?????????? .
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???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? 1253 ????? .
?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????. ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????, ??? ? ??? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ??? ???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????. ????? ???????, ????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? 1917 ? 1983 ?????. ????? ? 1969 ???? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ???????? « Perfectae Caritatis » ? ????????????? ?????? «Ecclesiae Sanctae». ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????????? «?????? ??????, ??? ??????????, ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????. <…> ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????? XIV „Inter illustria“ 1753 ????. ?????, ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????????, ???? ??? ???????? ? ???? ? ???????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????? ? ???????» .
17 ???????? 1919 ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????? «???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????» (Norme organiche del sovrano Ordine militare di Malta). ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????, ????? 1921 ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????. ?? ????????? ????????, 5 ??? 1936 ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????, ? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????. ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???????????. «????? ???????, ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ????? „???????“, ? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????» . ? 1961 ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????, ? ? 1966 — ????? ? ?????? ??????.
??? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ???????????, ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ???????????? ? ?????? ? 1997 ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ? «??????????? ?????????» ?????? 12 ?????? 1998 ????. ??? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????? II : «??? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????????????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????» .
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????? ????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? 113 ????????????? . ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ? ?????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????????. ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? , ??????? ??????? ????????????? .
????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????????????? ?????????: ??????????, ?????????, ??????, ???????? ? ?????? .
????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ? 1697 ???? , ????? ? ??? 1698 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?. ?. ????????? , ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????-?-???????? [ ???????? ?? ?????? 721 ???? ] .
????????? ????? I ????????? ? ??? ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????. ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ????? I ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ????????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? . ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ? ?????? 1803 — 1817 ????? .
??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ????????????? ? 1992 ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?. ?. ??????? ? ???? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????????????? ? ???????????? — ?????? ???????????????? (???). ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? . ???????????? ? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? — ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (? 22 ?????? 2008 ????).
??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????-???????????? ????????:
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- 1845 — ??????? I ;
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- (ed.) World Orders of Knighthood and Merit. — , 2006. — ISBN 0-9711966-7-2
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- // ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? : ? 86 ?. (82 ?. ? 4 ???.). — ???. , 1890—1907.
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lauretta
- 2021-06-26
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