Nokia tune
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Interested Article - Nokia
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- 2020-04-27
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Nokia Corporation ( ???. Nokia Oy , ???????????? ?????? ) — ??????? ????????????????? ???????? , ????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????, ?????????????, ?????????????? ? IP -?????. ? 2000-? ???? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? .
?? ????????? ?? ?????? 2013 ???? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? 100 ???. ???????????, ? ????? 2000-? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? 132 ???. ??????? . ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ? 150 ??????? ????. ? 2012 ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ????? Samsung ? ????? 19 % ?????? 22 % . ? 2011—2012 ????? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ? Microsoft , ?? ????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? Symbian ? ???????? ???????????? ??????? MeeGo , ??????? ?? ????????? Windows Phone ; ?????? 2013 ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? Microsoft ?? 5,44 ???? € . ? ?????? 2015 ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? Alcatel-Lucent , ???????? ????????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? 15,6 ???? $ . ? ??? 2016 ???? ???????? ? ?????????????? ? ??????????? ????????? HMD Global , ???????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? Nokia . ?? ????????? ?? ????? 2010-? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? 5G ? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????.
????-???????? ???????? ????????? ? ????? , ??????-???????? ????????? .
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???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? , ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? , ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? 1868 ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???????? Nokia Ab ???????? ???? ???? ? 1871 ???? .
???????? ????? ????, ??? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? nois (????????????? ????? — nokia ), ???????????? ??????? ?????? , ??????? ?????-?? ??????? ? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????, ????????, ?????? ??? ????? .
???????
??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? 1865 ??? , ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ( ???. Knut Fredrik Idestam ) ??????? ? ???????????(???? ??????? ), ?? ???-?????? ????????? , ????????? ???????? ???????. ????????????? ??? ???????? ???? ? 1871 ???? ????????????? ? .
? ????? XIX ???? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????. ? 1896 ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? Nokia Ab, ? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????????. ? 1902 ???? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? Nokia Ab.
?????????? ? 1898 ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ??????? Finnish Rubber Works ? 1922 ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? Nokia Ab ? ??? ?????????? ? 1912 ???? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? Finnish Cable Works, ? ? 1967 ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ? ???? . ????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????????, ????????? Finnish Rubber Works ? Finnish Cable Works ??????? ? Nokia Ab, ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????.
???????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????: ???????????? ????????? ??????? (??????????? ???????? Nokian ), ??????? ? ???????????, ??????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????????????. ? ?????? ? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????, ????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ? ?????????? ??????????.
????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????, ???????? ? ?????-?? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ?????, ????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ??????????, ????????????? ??????????, ?????????????, ????????????, ??????? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? (????????, ???????????? ????????? ???????????? Sanomalaite M/90 ? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????), ??????????, ???????? ? ????????. ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? Nokia Corporation, ?????? ???????????. ??? ????????? Finnish Cable Works ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????????? ? 1960 ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ????????, ?????????? ? ???????????????????? ??????? Nokia.
? ?????? 1980-? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ???? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????. ? 1987 ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????, ? ?????????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? .
? ????? 1980-? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????, ???? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? — ? ?????????, ????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????.
??? ????????? ???????? ? 1988 ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? Nokian Renkaat , ??????? ? 1967 ???? ???????? ?? «?????????» ??????????????, ? ????? ??????? Nokian Renkaat ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ? Nokia.
? 1960 ???? AT&T ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????, ? ? 1963 ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????????. ?????? ? ??????? ??-???????? ????? ????????????, ??????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ? ?????????? ???????????, ? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? «?????». ??? ?? ?????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????????-??????? ????????? . ? 1969 ???? Nokia ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ???, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? . ??????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????, Nokia ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ? 1970-? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? Nokia DX 200 ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????????????????? ?????. ??????????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????.
??????? ? GSM
??????????, ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????????? «0G» ??-???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????. ???????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? 1960-? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????. ??????? ? 1964 ???? Nokia ????????? ? ????????????? ??????????????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ARP — ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????????????? Autoradiopuhelin ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????????. ???? ???? ???????? ? 1971 ???? ? ?????? 7 ??? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????.
? ?????????? ??????????? Nokia ? Salora ? 1979 ???? ????????? ???????? Mobira Oy. Mobira ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? Nordic Mobile Telephone — ?????? ????????? ?????????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ? 1981 ????. ? 1982 ???? Mobira ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? Mobira Senator ??? ????? ????????? NMT-450.
? 1984 ???? Nokia ????????? Salora Oy ?, ??????? 100 % ????????, ????????????? ???? ???????????????????? ????????????? ? Nokia-Mobira. ? 1984 ???? ???????? ????????? Mobira Talkman — ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ????????? 4,7 ??. ? 1987 ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? Mobira Cityman 900 — ??????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????????? NMT-900, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???? (??? ????????? 760 ???????). ??????????? ???????? ????????? ????? 4 ???? ? ??????????? 50 ????? ?????????. Mobira Cityman 900 ????? 24 ???. ??????? ????? (?????????????? 4560 ???? ), ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????, ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????.
????????? ???????? Nokia ????? ?????? ????????? ? 1987 ????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? Mobira Cityman. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? «?????».
? 1988 ???? ????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??????????????? ????????? Nokia-Mobira ? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? Benefon Oy. ?????? ??? Nokia-Mobira ???? ????????????? ? Nokia Mobile Phones.
? 1989 ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???? GSM, ? ? 1992 ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? GSM-??????? Nokia 1011 .
?????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? Nokia ????????? 1 ???? 1991 ???? ? ?????????. ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????-??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? GSM-???? ???????????? ???????? Nokia ????? ???????? GSM-???????? Nokia. ? 1992 ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? GSM-??????? ? ???? — Nokia 1011. ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ???????? — 10 ?????? (10.11). ? ???????? Nokia 1011 ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? Nokia tune — ??????? ?? ???????? ? 1994 ???? ? ????????? ????? Nokia 2110.
? 1992 ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? «???????? ?????» ( ????. Connecting people ).
???????????? ?????????? ? IT-????????????
? 1980-? ???????????? ????????????? Nokia Data ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? MikroMikko. ? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????-??. ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????? MikroMikko 1 ???? ???????? 29 ???????? 1981 ????, ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? IBM PC . ?????? ? 1991 ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? International Computers Limited, ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? Fujitsu . ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? MikroMikko ???????????? Fujitsu ??? ?????? ErgoPro.
??????? Fujitsu ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ? Fujitsu Siemens Computers, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? (? ?????? ????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ? 1960-?) ? ????? 2000 ????, ????????? ????? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???- ? ????????????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? Nokia, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ? 2000 ???? ???????? ViewSonic [ ???????? ] . ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? Nokia ?????????? ????????????? DSL-??????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????????.
? 1992 ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????: ??????????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????????? ???????. ? 1994 ???? ????????? Nokia ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????: ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???????????????????? ???????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????: ???? ????? Nokia ?? ????? 2009 ???? ??????????? ? 39 % .
??? ? 1991 ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? Nokia ??????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? 1992 ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ? ????. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? 1990-?. ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????. ? 1998 ????, ????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ? GSM, Nokia ????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ????. ? 1996 ?? 2001 ??? ???????????? [ ???????? ] ????? ? 6,5 ?? 31 ???? ????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????? Nokia ??? ????????????.
? 2004 ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? — .
? ??? 2007 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ???, ??? ??????? ????? 200 ??? ????????? Nokia 1100 , ??????????? ? ??????? ? 2003 ????. ??? ??? ???????????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????, ? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????. ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? Nokia ????????? Nokia N82 — ?????? ??????? N-????? ? ?????????? ???????? .
?? ??????????? Nokia World ? ??????? 2007 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? «Comes with Music»: ?????????? ????????? Nokia ???????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????. ?? ?????? ???????? 2008 ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????.
? ?????? 2008 ???? Nokia Productions ? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? — ??? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????????? ????????. ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? 2008 ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
? 2008 ???? ????????? Nokia ??? ??????? ???????? Nokia 5800 Xpress Music ?? ???? Symbian OS 9.4, s60 5th edition. ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ARM 11 Texas Instruments ? ???????? ???????? 369 ???, ????? ?????????? ?? 434 ???, ??? ?? Nokia 5800 ???? 128 ?? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? 8 ?? ? ?????????.
? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? Nokia E71 , ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? BlackBerry ???????? Research in Motion , ???????? ??????????? ?????????? qwerty-??????????. ?????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????, ??? ? ???????????. ? ??????? 2009 ???? ???????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? Windows — .
2 ???????? 2009 ???? Nokia ????????? ??? ????? ????????, ??????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? — Nokia X6 ? Nokia X3 . Nokia X6 ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? 32 ??, ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? 3,2" ? ?????????????, ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? 35 ?????. Nokia X3, ??????????? ??????? ?? ????????????????, ?????????? FM-????? ? 3,2-?????????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? S40 ? ?????????? ???????? Ovi Store. 10 ???????? 2009 ???? Nokia ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ????????????? qwerty-??????????? — Nokia 7705 Twist. ???????, ??????????? ?????????????????? ????? Verizon Wireless, ???? 3-?????????????? ??????, ???????, ????????? ??????? ? ????? ????? 98 ???????.
23 ???????? 2010 ???? ???????? ????????? Nokia N8 — ??????????? ???????? 2010 ???? ? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? (12 ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ? 1/1,83?) ?? ?????. ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????.
? ????? 2011 ???? Nokia ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? Asha ?? ????????? Series 40, ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????? ?????????.
22 ??????? 2013 ???? Nokia ??????????? ? ???-???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? — Nokia Lumia 2520 .
18 ?????? 2014 ???? Nokia, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????? — Nokia N1 .
????????????
22 ???????? 2003 ???? ???????? ????????? Sega.com, ????????????? Sega , ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? Nokia N-Gage , ? ???????????? — ????????? N-Gage .
16 ?????? 2005 ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? Intellisync, ?????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ??????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? 10 ??????? 2006 ????.
8 ??????? 2006 ???? Nokia ???????? ? ??????? ????????-????????????? ?????? Loudeye Corporation ????? ?? 60 ??? $. 29 ??????? 2007 ???? Nokia ????????? ??????????? ?????? Nokia Music Store, ?????????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????.
? ???? 2007 ???? Nokia ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? Twango, ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????, ????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????-??????.
? ???????? 2007 ???? Nokia ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????? Enpocket, ????????-?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????.
? ??????? 2007 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? Navteq (78 $ ?? ?????? ?????). ???????? ?????????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? , ????????? ????????? , ??????????? ????????-????????, ????????????????? ? ??????? ???????????.
24 ???? 2009 ???? Nokia ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? Cellity, ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? 5 ??????? 2009 ????.
11 ???????? 2009 ???? Nokia ???????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? Plum Ventures ? ???????? ???????????, ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????. ? ??????? Plum Nokia ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???????.
28 ????? 2010 ???? Nokia ????????? ???????? Novarra, ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???-??????? ? ????????? ?????????.
10 ?????? 2010 ???? Nokia ???????? ? ???????????? MetaCarta — ????????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ??????????. Nokia ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????????? ????????.
??????? ? ??????????
19 ???? 2006 ???? Nokia ? Siemens ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ? ???? ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????????? — Nokia Siemens Networks .
? 2008 ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? Trolltech (??????????? ?????????? Qt ) ? Symbian Ltd. (??????? ???? ????????????? ? Symbian Foundation) .
15 ?????? 2015 ???? ???? ????????? ? ???, ??? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ?????-??????????? Alcatel-Lucent , ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????????. ?????????????, ??? Nokia ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? Alcatel-Lucent. ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? Nokia, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? Alcatel-Lucent ????????? ??????? 0,55 ?????? ?????? Nokia. ????????? ?????? ????????? 15,6 ???? ????????; ?? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????? 2016 ???? . ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? Nokia, ? ?? ????-???????? ??-???????? ????? ????????????? ? ????????? (? ????? ), ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? Nokia . ????? ?????????? ?????? Nokia, ?? ??????????????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ? ????? 35 %, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? Ericsson (40 %). ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? Nokia ??????? ????, ??? ???????????? ???????? Nokia ????????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ? ????????? ???????????, ?, ? ??? ??????? ???????, ????? ????-???? ??? . 24 ???? 2015 ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? . ?? ?????? ????????????, ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????????? .
26 ?????? 2016 ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ???, ??? Nokia ??????????? ??????????? ???????? Withings — ????????????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ?? 170 ??? ???? .
??????????? ????????????
5 ??? 2000 ???? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????????.
? ????? 2007 ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ????. ????? ??????????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????. ? ??????? 2011 ???? ??????????? ???? ?????????????????? ????-???????? ? ?????????????? ????????? .
?????? 2012 ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????. ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????? 780 ?????????? ???????????. ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ????????????????? ????????? ? ???? 25 ???? . ????? ??????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? 2012 ???? ??????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? .
?????????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????
? ?????? 2003 ???? ???????? ? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ???? ???????????. ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ?????.
? ??????? 2006 ???? Nokia ? Sanyo ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ????? ??????-????????? ? ????????? CDMA . ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????. Nokia ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??????? CDMA, ????????? ????????? ??????-???????? CDMA ??? ???????????? ??????.
? ???? 2006 ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?? ????????? ???????????? Royal Dutch Shell. ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????-????? ?????????.
? ??? 2008 ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ????????????, ?????????? ??? ? ????????-????????. Google , Apple ? Microsoft , ?? ????, ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? Nokia, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ? ???????? ???????? ?????????.
? ?????? 2008 ???? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? . ? ??????? ???????? Nokia E71 ?? NTT DoCoMo ? SoftBank Mobile ???? ????????, ?????? Nokia Japan ????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ? ??????????.
??? ???????????? ??????? ?????
? ???????? 2010 ???? ????-????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????????? Nokia ?????? ?????? ???? ?? Microsoft . ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? Nokia ????? Windows Phone.
? ??????? 2011 ???? ?????? ??? ???????? MeeGo ???? ??????????. ???????????? MeeGo ???????? Nokia ? ???????? ???????? Jolla , ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? N900, ? ???????? ???????? ?? Sailfish OS ?? ?????? Mer ? ????????? ??????????? MeeGo.
? ??????? 2012 ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????-???????? ???????? Exilion Capital ?? €170 ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? .
??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? Microsoft
3 ???????? 2013 ???? ???????? Microsoft ???????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? Nokia ? ????????, ????????? ? ???? . ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????????? «????????? ??????» — ?????? Nokia ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? 5 ???? ????????, ??? 2,18 ???? ????????, ??????????????, ??? Microsoft ???????? ?? ???????, ????????????? ??????? ???????? . 19 ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? Nokia ?????? ???????????, ??? ????? 90 % ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? . ? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? .
?????????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ????? 2014 ???? , ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? 25 ?????? .
Microsoft ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? Nokia ??? ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????. ?? ????? ?????? Nokia ?????????? ?????? ????? Microsoft Lumia .
??????????? ? ?????????? ???????
? ???? 2015 ???? ?????? ????, ??????????? ???????? Nokia, ???????, ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ? 2016 ???? .
18 ??? 2016 ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ???, ??? ???????? Microsoft ???????? ? ??????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ???????? FIH Mobile (???????? ???????? Foxconn) ? ???????????????? HMD Global ?? 350 ??? ????????. ???????????? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ????? Nokia ????????? ?????????? ? ???, ??? ????????????? Nokia Technologies ???????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? 10 ??? ? ??????????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????? (??????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ? ????????) ??? ??????? Nokia .
????? ???????
26 ??????? 2023 ???? ???????? Nokia ??????? ?? 60 ??? ???????? ??????? — ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ???? ????? ???????????? (?????????? ??? ???????). ????????? ???? ?? ???????????? ????-????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????????? .
?????????
- ??????? ????????
???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? GSM , CDMA ? UMTS .
- ??????
?????????? ??????????? Nokia ? Siemens — Nokia Siemens Networks , ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??????.
? 2009 ???? ??????????? ?????? — Booklet 3G . ? ????? 2020 ?. Nokia ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? .
? ?????? 2018 ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??????? — ????????, ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? .
?? ????????? ?????????
???????????? ???????
????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? Nokia OS, ???????????? ??????? , ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????????.
?????? ????????? N-????? (N70, N90) ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? Symbian OS 8.1. ? ?????????? Nokia ????? ???????????? Symbian OS 9 ?? ???? ?????????? ?????, ? ? ????? ????? ????????? — Symbian OS 9 ? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? Feature Pack.
? 2010 ???? ????? Nokia N8 — ?????? ???????? ? ???????, ?????????? ?? Symbian³. ? ??? 2011 ???? Nokia ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? Symbian³ ?? Symbian Anna, ? ???????, ? ??????? 2011 ???? — ?? ?????? ???????? Nokia Belle (?????????? Symbian Belle).
?? ?? ??? ????????? N-????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? Symbian. Nokia ????????? ????????? Nokia N800, N810 ? N900 ? ???????????? ???????? Maemo , ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? Linux. ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? Nokia N9 , ???????????? ???????????? ??????? MeeGo ?? ?????? Linux, ???????????? ????????? Maemo (?? Nokia) ? Moblin (?? Intel).
????? ?????????
12 ??????? 2009 ???? Nokia ? Microsoft ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? Nokia ? Microsoft ?????????? ? ???????? Microsoft Office Mobile ? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ?????????? Nokia, ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? Symbian . ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ? ??????-?????????? ????? E. ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????
11 ??????? 2011 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????????????? ? Microsoft, ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? Windows Phone . ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? Nokia. ??? ????, ???????? ????????????? ??????, ???????? Microsoft ????????? Nokia ????? 1 ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? Windows Phone . ????? ???? ?????????, ??? Nokia ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????????? Symbian ? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????. ???????????? ??????? MeeGo ???? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ? ??????? [ ???????? ?? ?????? 3947 ???? ] . Bing ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ???????? Nokia.
??????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? Windows Phone ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ????????, ??? ? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? . ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? Nokia ????? ?? 14 %, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? 2009 ???? .
16 ??? 2011 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ????? ? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? Ovi, ????????????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ? ?????? Nokia Services. ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?? Ovi Nokia ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? .
26 ??????? 2011 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? Nokia ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? Windows Phone 7 — ?????????? Nokia Lumia 800 ? 710 , ? ???????, ? ?????? 2012 ????, — ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?????, Nokia Lumia 900 ? 610 .
5 ???????? 2012 ???? ?? ??????????? Nokia World 2012 ???? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? Windows Phone 8 — ????????? Nokia Lumia 920 ? 820 .
?? ???????? Mobile World Congress ? ??????? 2013 ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? Windows Phone 8. ??? ????????? Nokia Lumia 720 ? Nokia Lumia 520 .
? 2013 ???? ??????? ??????????? Nokia ?? ????? ????????? Asha ?? Android ? ???????? Windows Phone ? ??? ???????? Google, ? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? Nokia X, X+, XL ?????? Asha ? ???? ??????: ???????, ???????, ??????, ??????, ?????.
C ??????? 2014 ???? Microsoft ?????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? Nokia, ???????????? ?? Windows Phone. ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? Nokia ??? Nokia Lumia ???? ????????????? ? Lumia.
? ???? 2016 ???? ????????? ??????????, ??? Nokia ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? Android 7.0 Nougat ? ???????? Snapdragon 820 .
? 2017 ???? Nokia ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? Android 7.0 Nougat ? ?? ????????? S40.
????????? ??????????
Nokia ???????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ? ???-???????? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????????? .
?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???????? (Nokia Leadership Team) . ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? . ???????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????. ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ? ? ?????? ??????????. ? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ?? ????????? ? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? .
???????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ?? ??????? «?????? ? ?????????» , ?????? ???????? , ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?????, ???????? ??????? ??????????.
?????????????
?? ????????? ?? 2016 ??? ? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????????:
Nokia Networks (?? ??????? 2013 ???? ?????? ???????? Nokia Siemens Networks).
?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????????, ?????????????? ? ??????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ? ??? 2016 ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? Alcatel-Lucent ????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? (????? ???????? Ericsson ) ??????????? ????????????????????? ????????????.
Nokia Technologies
?????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ? 2014 ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? Microsoft . ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? Nokia ????????? ?????????. ? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ????????? (?? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ). ????????? ?? ??????????? ???? (2016 ???) ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? Nokia N1 (????????????? ????????? ? Foxconn ) ? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? . ??? ??, ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? Withings, ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? ? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????.
????????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????? HMD Global, ??????? ? ?????? ????????????? (?? ???????? ??????) ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????, ???????????? ? ????????????? ????? ????????? ????????? (???????? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ? ????????) ??? ??????? Nokia.
???????????? ? ???????????
Nokia ( FWB : , HEX : , NYSE : ) — ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????. ?? ????????????? (19,02 ???? ???????? ?? ?????? 2012 ???? ) ?????????? ???????????? ???? (?? ????? ? 2007 ????) ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????????, ???????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????????? — ?????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? .
?? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? , ?????????? ?? Microsoft ? ????????? ????-????? ????????? 21 ???????? 2010 ???? . ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? Nokia ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????.
29 ?????? 2014 ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????: ? 1 ??? ? ??????????? ????????: ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? , ????????????? ? 2009 ???? ????????????? Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN); ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????
????????????
|
?????????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????????
????????
.
|
?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ???????? ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????? ?????? (?????????? ??????????? Nokia ? Siemens — Nokia Siemens Networks ).
???????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????-????????????????? ??????: ?? ??????? 2009 ???? ? ????????????????? ??????? Nokia, ????????????? ? 16 ???????, ???? ?????? 37 ???. ??????? ; ? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? Nokia Research Center, ?????????? ? 1986 ????, ???????? ??????? 500 ??????????????, ????????? ? ??????. Nokia Research Center ??????????? ? ???? ??????? ????: ?????????, ?????, ?????, ?????, ????????, ?????????, ?????????????? ? ???. ?????, ? 2001 ???? Nokia ???????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???????? Instituto Nokia de Tecnologia ? ????????. ???????? ?????????? ??????-?????????????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????; ? ??????? 2010 ???? ?????? ????? Nokia ????????????? ? 16 ??????? ? ??????????? 36 ????? ???????????, ?? ???? 27 % ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????.
???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????? ? ?????????, ????????, ???????, ?????, ???????, ?????, ??????? ? ????? ?????. ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????????????? ? ????????? ???????. ? 2012 ???? ? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ? ?????????, ???????, ???????, ???????.
????? ??????????? ????????? Nokia — 113,5 ???. ??????? (2012 ???) .
?????????? ????????????
? 2007 ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????????.
??????? ???????? ? 2009 ???? ?? ???? ????????? 41,0 ???? ???? (? 2008 ???? — 50,7 ???? ????), ???????????? ??????? — 1,2 ???? ???? (5,0 ???? ????), ?????? ??????? — 891 ??? ???? (4,0 ???? ????) .
? 2010 ???? ???????? 32 % (? ??????????? ?????????) ???????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ????? — 34 % (?? ??????????? ??????, ?? ??????? Gartner , ???? Nokia ??? ?????? — 28,9 % ? 2010 ???? ? 36,4 % ????? ????? ). ? 2011 ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? 31 %.
?????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? 2011 ???? ????????? 1,07 ???? ????. ?? ??? 1 ???? — ????????, ????????? ?? ??????? Navteq .
? 2011 ???? ??????? Nokia ?????. ? ???????, ???? ??????? 77,3 ??? ?????????? (? 2010 ???? — 100,3 ???). ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? 60 %. ? ?????????? ???? Nokia ? ?????? ???????? ????? ? 29 % ?? 12 %. ??????? ?????? ????????????? ? ?? ????? ?????????: ? 2011 ???? ??????????? 417 ??? ?????????, ????? ??? ? 2010 ???? — 452 ??? .
??????? Nokia ? ????????? ???????? 2012 ???? ????????? 8 ???? ???? ?????? 10 ???? ???? 2011 ????. ?????? ? ??? ???????????? ???????? ? IV ???????? 2012 ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? .
? ?????? 2013 ???? ????-????????? Nokia ???? ?????????? ???????, ??? ? 2012 ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? 10 % ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? Windows . ????? ? ?????? 2013 ???? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????? ?? 20 ? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? .
Nokia ? ??????
1 ???? 1989 ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ???? ??????????? «???», ???????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? MPT 1327 , ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????????? ??? DX-200. ? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? .
????????????????? ? ?????? — ? 2000 ????, ? 1 ?????? 2008 ???? ??????????? ???????? Nokia ??????? — ?????? ????? ( ??????. Victor Saeijs ), ??????????? ???????? Nokia ?????? (???????? ???????????? Nokia ???????) — ???????? ???????? (? 1 ???? 2010 ???? ?? ?????? 2012) . ??????? Nokia ? ?????? ????????? ? 2010 ???? — 1,74 ???? ???? (???? ?? 14,1 % ? ????????? ? 2009 ?????) . ?????? ? 2010 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? .
12 ?????? 2022 ???? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???????????? Nokia ??????? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? . ????? Nokia ??? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????????? ??????-????????????????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ??????. ? ?????-?????? ???????? ????????, ??? ? 2021 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? 2 % ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? 2022 ????. ? ??????? 2022 ???? Nokia ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? .
?????????????? ??????
???????? Nokia Technologies ? 2019 ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????? Nokia ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????, ?? ????????????? HMD Global . ? ????? ????????? Nokia ?????? ????????? ????????:
- Flipkart (?????) — ???????????? ????????? PureBook X ? S, ????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?????;
- OFF Global (???????) — ???????????? ????????? PureBook Lite, Pro ? Fold;
- StreamView (????????) — ???????????? ??-????????? ? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????;
- RichGo (?????) — ???????????? ??????? ?????????????, ????????, ????????? ? ?????? ???????????;
- i.safe Mobile (????????) — ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ????????.
???????? Nokia, ??? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ?????. ?????????? — Flipkart, ?????????????? ???????????? ? ????? ? ?????? ???????????? .
??????????
? 2006 ???? Nokia ?????? 20-? ????? ? ???????????? ???????? Fortune ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ?? ????????? ??? .
????????? ?????? Nokia ? 2011 ???? ????????? ????? 25 ???? ????????, ????? 14-? ????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? 2011 ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? Interbrand ? ??????????? BusinessWeek. ? ????????? «??????? ? ?????? ???????????????? ????????????» ?????? «????? ????????? ???????? ????» ?? ?????? ??????? Fortune ? 2011 ???? ???????? Nokia ?????? 8-? ????? .
???????? ????
? 2009 ???? Nokia ???????? ???????? Apple ? ????????? 10 ????????, ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???????????, ?????????????? ? iPhone ? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ? ????? ???????? Apple ???? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? Nokia, ? ????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? . ?????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?? ???????????? .
????????
??????? Nokia tune ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????? Gran Vals , ??????????? ? 1902 ???? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? . ??????? ??????? ???????? ? 1994 ???? ? ????? ????????? Nokia 2110 ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????, ?? ??????? ??? Nokia tune ? 1998 ????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ? ?????????? Nokia .
???????????? ????-??? ?????? Plain Jane Automobile ????????? ???? ????? «The Village» (? 2006 ????), «Stones» ? «Close My Eyes» (? 2008 ????) ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? Nokia ? ???????? ???????????? ????????. ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? .
??. ?????
??????????
- (????.) . Yahoo! Finance . Yahoo (15 ???????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 15 ???????? 2013. ???????????? ?? 15 ???????? 2013 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 16 ????? 2019. 17 ??? 2021 ????.
- Rob van der Meulen, Janessa Rivera. (????.) . Gartner (13 ??????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 24 ????? 2013. ???????????? ?? 27 ????? 2013 ????.
- ??????? ???????. . // vedomosti.ru. ???? ?????????: 3 ???????? 2013. 8 ???????? 2013 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 11 ??????? 2016. 24 ??????? 2016 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 11 ??????? 2016. 24 ??????? 2016 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 18 ???? 2016. 23 ???? 2016 ????.
- ? ????? ??????? . ?? 18 ????? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine // ?????????, 17.03.2011, ? 46 (2812) (???? ?????????: 17 ????? 2011)
- ? 17 ??????? 2009 ????. // nokia.com (???? ?????????: 17 ????? 2011)
- . Reuters . iXBT (21 ?????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 13 ?????? 2016. ???????????? ?? 13 ?????? 2016 ????.
- Helen, Tapio . Biographical Centre of the Finnish Literature Society. ???? ?????????: 22 ????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 24 ??????? 2011 ????.
- 23 ??????? 2009 ????. // nokia.com (????.) (???? ?????????: 1 ???? 2009)
- ? 11 ??????? 2012 ????. // nokia.com (????.) (???? ?????????: 23 ????? 2010)
- . yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (22 ??????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 23 ??????? 2013.
- ?? 28 ??????? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine // Hi-tech.mail.ru — 22 ??????? 2013. (???? ?????????: 23 ??????? 2013)
- ?? 17 ???? 2014 ?? Wayback Machine , 3dnews.ru (???? ?????????: 6 ?????? 2009)
- yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (2015-7-24). ???? ?????????: 2015-7-28.
- . yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (2015-4-15). ???? ?????????: 2015-4-16.
- . ???? ?????????: 30 ?????? 2015. 18 ?????? 2015 ????.
- . yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (2015-4-17). ???? ?????????: 2015-4-30.
- . yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (2015-7-24). ???? ?????????: 2015-7-30.
- . 4PDA - ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????????: 5 ??? 2016. 11 ???????? 2016 ????.
- . www.withings.com. ???? ?????????: 5 ??? 2016. ???????????? ?? 29 ?????? 2016 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 28 ???? 2012. 2 ??????? 2012 ????.
- ????? ???????. . OSZone (4 ??????? 2012). ???? ?????????: 4 ??????? 2012. ???????????? ?? 28 ???????? 2017 ????.
- . Microsoft. ???? ?????????: 4 ???????? 2013. 7 ???????? 2013 ????.
- . Forbes.ru. ???? ?????????: 3 ???????? 2013. 6 ???????? 2013 ????.
- . OSZone . 2013-11-19. ?? ????????? 21 ?????? 2013 . ???? ?????????: 19 ?????? 2013 .
- . yle.fi . ?????? ???????? Yle (20 ?????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 25 ?????? 2013.
- . ????-???? (20 ????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 24 ????? 2014. ???????????? ?? 24 ????? 2014 ????.
- . ????-???? (25 ?????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 26 ????? 2014. ???????????? ?? 26 ?????? 2014 ????.
- ?? 22 ??????? 2014 ?? Wayback Machine // The Verge, 22.10.2014
- . ???? ?????????: 14 ???? 2015. 14 ???? 2015 ????.
- . vc.ru. ???? ?????????: 18 ??? 2016. 24 ???????? 2016 ????.
- (????.) . Nokia (18 ??? 2016). ???? ?????????: 18 ??? 2016. ???????????? ?? 18 ??? 2016 ????.
- . ????????.?? . ???? ?????????: 27 ??????? 2023. 27 ??????? 2023 ????.
- . nbnews.info . ?? ????????? 20 ??????? 2010 . ???? ?????????: 1 ???? 2010 .
- ?? 15 ??????? 2020 ?? Wayback Machine // ?????. ?? , 15 ??????? 2020
- ?? 25 ?????? 2018 ?? Wayback Machine // ????????, 25.01.2018
-
.
cnews.ru
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?? ?????????
11 ?????? 2010
. ???? ?????????:
8 ???? 2010
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{{ cite news }}: ??????????? ????????|deadlink=???????????? (|url-status=????????????) ( ??????? ) - . ???? ?????????: 12 ??????? 2011. 13 ??????? 2014 ????.
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- (????.) . CNN . ???? ?????????: 14 ??????? 2012. ???????????? ?? 17 ??????? 2012 ????.
- Tony Bradley. (????.) . PCWorld (22 ??????? 2009). — «Nokia claims that the technologies, ranging from speech coding to security to wireless data transmission, have been used in every iPhone since the iPhone has existed» . ???? ?????????: 14 ???? 2011. ???????????? ?? 24 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Tony Bradley. (????.) . PCWorld (14 ?????? 2011). — «statement from Nokia says that Apple will pay a one-time lump sum up front, and ongoing royalties as part of a licensing agreement between the two» . ???? ?????????: 14 ???? 2011. ???????????? ?? 24 ??????? 2011 ????.
- (????.) . Nokia. — ?????-????? . — «The specific terms of the contract are confidential» . ???? ?????????: 14 ???? 2011. ???????????? ?? 24 ??????? 2011 ????.
- 1 ?????? 2009 ????. // nokia.com (????.) (???? ?????????: 1 ???? 2009)
- . ???? ?????????: 31 ????? 2011. 15 ???????? 2014 ????.
??????
- — ??????????? ???? Nokia
|
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OMX Nordic 40
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susan
- 2020-04-27
- 1
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Nokia 5800 XpressMusic
- 1 year ago
- 0
- 0
