Левонтин, Ричард Чарлз
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???????? ????? ?????? (??? ??? ???????? — ??????? ????????? ; 22 ??? 1912 — 19 ??????? 2004 ) — ???????????? ????? -???????, ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ( 1979 ).
??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? 1912 ???? ??????? , ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? — ???????? ???? ????????? (?????. ??????????) ? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ? 1908 ????, ? ????? 6 ??? ????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ? 1914 ????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ? 1943 ???? .
? 1926 ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?? ???, ? 1930 ???? ?? ??????? ?????, ? 1935 ???? — ????-???????-???????, ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ???, ? 1936, ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ? ????????? ???????????? , ?????????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? .
???? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?. ?. ?????????? ? ????????? ????????????. ? 1939 ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????.
????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?. ?. ??????, ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????????, ??????????????????? ? ??????? ????????-???????????? ?????????. ? 1941 ???? ????? ????????????? ? ?????? ?. ?. ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ??? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ? 1943 ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????? ? ???????? .
??? ???????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ? F-, Br-, I- ???????????, ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????.
????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ? 1946 ????, ? 1947 ???? ?. ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????, ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ? ?. ?. ????? ??? ? 1956 ???? ? ??? ????????????? ?????? ? ?. ?. ????????? ? ?. ????????? ? 1964 ????. ? 1959 ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????????? R.B. Wetherill ??? ????????? ??????, ? ? 1960 ???? ????? ????????? ????????????????? ? ????????????????? ????????????. ? 1978 ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????. 19 ??????? 2004 ???? ? ???????? 92 ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????????.
??????? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?. ?. ??????????? ; ??????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??????????? ? ?????????????; ???????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ?????? ????? ??????; ???????? ?????????????? ????????????????, ????????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????-??????? . ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????; ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ? F-, Br-, I- ???????????, ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????; ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????; ?????????? ??????? ????????????????; ?????? ????????-?????????????? ?????-????????? ????????????? ????? ? ?????????????. .
??????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???????? ?? ????????? ????????????. ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????, ?????? — ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????, ?? ??????? ??????????. ?? ?????????? ??????, ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????????????, ? ?????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???, ??? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ? ????????-?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????.
????? ??????????? ????? 1300 ??????? ??????????, ????????? ????, ? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? 20 ?????????? ? ???.
???????? ??????????:
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? (1957) ? ???????????? ???????? ???? ? ????????, ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? (1978).
? 1998 ???? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?. ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? . ? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???????????? ? ??????? ? ???????? Purdue University, ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? Brown Building, ? ??? ??????? ???? ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?. ?. ??????.
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??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???, ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????????????. ? ????? ????????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????? ???????: «? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????». ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????.
H. C. Brown, M. D. Taylor and M. Gerstein. Acid-base studies in gaseous systems. Precise dissociation measurements. // J.Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, pp. 431—435
H. C. Brown, H. I. Schlesinger and A. B. Burg. Hydrides of boron. XI. The reaction of diborane with organic compounds containing a carbonyl group. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939 V. 61, pp. 673—680
H. C. Brown, H. I. Schlesinger and A. E. Finholt. New developments in the chemistry of diborane and of the borohydrides. The preparation of sodium borohydride by the high temperature reaction of sodium hydride with borate esters. // J. Am. ?hem. Soc. 1953, V. 75, pp. 205—209
H. C. Brown, B. C. Subba Rao. A new technique for the conversion of olefins into organoboranes and related alcohols. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, V. 78, pp.5694-5695
H. C. Brown, G. Zweifel. The hydroboration of acetylenes—a convenient conversion of internal acetylenes to cis olefins of high purity and of terminal acetylenes to aldehydes. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, V. 81, pp.1512
H. C. Brown, B. C. Subba Rao. Hydroboration. The reduction of organic compounds by diborane, an acid-type reducing agent. // J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, V. 82, pp. 681—686
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H. C. Brown, P. V. Ramachandran. Asymmetric reduction with chiral organoboranes based on alpha-pinene. // Acounts. Chem. Res. 1992, V. 25, pp.16-24
H. C. Brown, M. Zaidlewicz. Recent Developments, Organic Syntheses: Via Boranes. // Aldrich Chemical Co, 2001, V. 2
H. C. Brown, A. Suzuki. Suzuki Coupling, Organic Syntheses: Via Boranes. // Aldrich Chemical Co, 2003, V. 3