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article title for Международная шкала ядерных событий on wafarin.com

Interested Article - Международная шкала ядерных событий

????????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ( ????. INES , ????. I nternational N uclear E vent S cale ) ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? 1988 ???? ? ? 1990 ???? ?????????????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????, ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? , ? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????, ????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? . ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????-????????? ? 24-??????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ???? 2 ?????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????????? ????????, ? ????? ? ??????? ??????? 0 ? 1 ???????, ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????, ? ??????? ??? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ????????-??????????? ? ????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????????.

????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????, ?????????? ? ??????????, ????????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????, ??????? ??????????? , ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????????, ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?. ?. ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????????.

?? ????? INES ??????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????????????? 7 ????????, ? ????? ???????? ???????????:

  • ????????? ? ?????????? ????? — ? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????, ? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????;
  • ??????????????? ??????? ? ???????? — ? ??? ??????????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ???.
  • ?????????????????????? ?????? — ???? ?????? ???????, ????????? ? ???, ??? ???????? ???, ??????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????, ?? ??? ?????????? ???, ??? ??? ????????????.

??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ? ????????? ??? ????????????, ? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????. ?????????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? (????????, ?????? ???????????????? ????, ?????????? ???????, ??????? ? ??????) ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????. ????? ??????????? ? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????? — ??-?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????.

?? ?????? 2023 ????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????????, 7-?? ?????? ( ????????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? I ), ? ???? ?? 6-?? ( ?????? ?? ?? «????» ).

????? INES

??????? ?? ????? INES ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????
???? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????????????????? ??????
??????? 7. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ?? I-131 ): ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ??? ?????????? ?????, ????????, ???? ? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????????????? ??? , ????, 1986 ???
?????? ?? ??? ????????-1 , ??????, 2011 ???
??????? 6. ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? (??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?? I-131 ): ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? (???????, ????????? ? ??????). ?????? ?? ?? «????» , ????, 1957 ???
??????? 5. ?????? ? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? (??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?? I-131 ): ????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ? ?????????? , ??????????????, 1957 ???
?????? ?? ??? ???-????-?????? , ???, 1979 ???
????????????? ????????? ? ?????? , ????????, 1987 ???

?????? ?? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? SL-1 ? ????? ?????? , ???, 1961 ???

??????? 4. ?????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? (??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? I-131 ): ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????. ????????? ??????????? ??????¹. ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? , ??????, 1999 ???.

?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????? , ??????, 1993 ???

??????? 3. ????????? ???????? ????? ??????: ????????? ????????? ????? 10 ??????? ??? ??? ??????????². ??????? ????????????? ??????? (????????, ?????)¹ ??????????????? >1 ??/? ? ??????? ????. ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ????, ?? ??????????????? ????????, ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????????????, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????????.
?????: ??????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????
????? ?? ??? ????????? , ???????, 1989 ???

?????? ?? ????????????? ??? , ????, 1975 ???

??????? 2. ???????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? (?3 ???); ????????? ????????????² ????? 10 ??? ??????????????? >50 ???/? ? ??????? ????. ????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?? ????, ?? ????????????? ????????. ???????? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?????????????? ???????
??????? 1. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????. ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????. ?????, ????????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????????. ?????????????? ???????
??????? 0. ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????
¹ ???? ????????????/???????? 3 ? ????? — ?????? ??????????? ?? 1 ???????. ???? 30 ? ????? — ?? 2 ??????. ??: ??????? 6 ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????; ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?? 5-?? ??????.

² ???? ???????? ??? ????????? (??? ???????? ???????) 10 ? ????? — ?????? ??????????? ?? 1 ???????. ???? 100 ? ????? — ?? 2 ??????.

????? INES ? ??????

? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? 1990 ???? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ? ?????? ???, ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?? ? ??????? ????????????? ? ?? ??????? , ??? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????, ? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? INES, ??????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????????????? ???????????.

?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ???????????????, ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????, ? ????? ??????????? ?????????????? «???????» ?? ????? ??????????? ???-?????, ? ??????? «??????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????????????». ????? ? 2009 ???? ?????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? , ? ??????? ????? , ????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????.

??????????

  1. ????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ? « ?? 15 ??????? 2019 ?? Wayback Machine ».

??????????

  • . — ????: ?????? , 2010. — 235 ?.

??????

  • ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????:


???????? —


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Same as Международная шкала ядерных событий