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article title for Родос on wafarin.com

Interested Article - Родос

?????? ( ????. ????? , ???. Rhodus ) — ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? . ?????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ???-??????? ?????? ? 246 ??????? ????? ?? ????? . ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? , ? ? ??????? — ????????? . ????????? 115 490 ??????? ?? ???????? 2011 ???? . ??????? ??????? ?????????? 1401,459 ??????????? ????????? , ????????????? ????????? ????? — 251 ???????? . ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? , ????????????? ?? ??????-??????? ???????. ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? 14 ?????????? ?? ????????????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ( ??????????? ).

????? ????? ???????? «?????????? ???????????????». ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????? ? ???????????????? ??????????? ?, ???????, ????????????? ????????. ? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? .

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????? — ?????? ??????????????? ?????, ???????????? ????? ??? — 77 ??, ???????????? ?????? — 37 ??. ?????? ???????? ??????? 47 ?? ?? ???-?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? , ?????? ????? ??????? 37 ?? ?? ??????-?????? — ?? ??????????? ????? ???? .

??? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? — ????????, ??????????????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????? [ ???????? ?? ?????? 2023 ??? ] . ?????? ??????? ????????. ????????????? ?????? — ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ????????? — ??????? ?? ???-?????? ? ???????????? ??????? 823 ?, ???????? ? ?????? (1215 ?) ? ????????-????? ( ?????? ???? ) ?? ?????? (798 ?). ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ?? ???????, ?? ???????????? ??????????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????, ? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ??????? ? ?????? — ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ??????-???????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ???, ????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ? ????????.

???????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ??????? , ?????? , ??? , ?????? , ??????? , ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ????. ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? — ???????, ????????? ? ????? ???????.

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?????? ?????? — ?????????????????, ?? ??????? ???????????? 18—20 °?, ? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????-?????????? ???????, ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? (????? 300 ? ????) ? ??????? ??????????.

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??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? (XI—VIII ??. ?? ?. ?.): ??????? ??????? ???????

?????? ??? ??????? ??? ? ??????? . ? XVI ???? ?? ?. ?. ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? , ? XV ???? ?? ?. ?. — ???????? ? ??????????? . ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? . ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? XI ???? ?? ?. ?. ??????, ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ???????-??????????, ??????? ?????????? ? VIII ???? ?? ?. ?. ????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? . ???????? ???????? , ? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? , ???? , ????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ?????, ? ????? ??? . ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? (????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ???????? , ??????? ????? ? ????? ) ??????????? ? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ( ??.-????. ???????? ) .

??? ??????????? ???????, ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? 478 ???? ?? ?. ?. ? 408 ???? ?? ?. ?. ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ? 340 ???? ?? ?. ?., ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ??????????? .

???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????
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??? ?? ???? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ??????

??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????. ? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ????????? , ????????? ??????? ? ???????. ? 292 ???? ?? ?. ?. ??? ????? ? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? — ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? , ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? , ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????? 226 ???? ?? ?. ?.

? 164 ???? ?? ?. ?. ????? ????????? ???? ? ????? . ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? . C 395 ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????? . ??????? ???????? ???????????? (???????) ? 672 ????. ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? .

? 1309 ???? ???????? ???????? ??????- ???????????? , ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? — ????????? ???????? . ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? 1444 ???? ? ????? ??????? II ? 1480 ????. ????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ? ??????? 1522 ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? , ? ????? ?? ?????? . ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????????. ? 1523 ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? . ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ????? ?????? (1821—1829), ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??-?? ???????????????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ???????-?????????-?????????? ?????.

? 1912 ???? ????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?????-???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? 1943 ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ? 1943 ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????.

? 1945 ???? ?????, ??? ? ???? ????????? , ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????????. ?? ????????? ??????????? 1947 ????, ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??????? — ????????????? ? ???????, ? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ??????, ?????????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ? 1948 ???? ??????????? ? ???????.

?????????????? ????????

????? ????? , ??? ???????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? , ???? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? (???, ???????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ) ? ???????????? ???? ??????? . ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????. ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ????????, ???? , ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????, ?????, ??? ????? ??? ????????, ????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ? ?????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????????? , ? ???? ?????????? . ? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? — ????, ????? ? ?????. ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????, ? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????, ???????? ??? ???? ??? .

?????? ???, ????????? ? ????????? ??????, ? ????? ? ??????? ??? ???????????, ??????????, ??? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ??????? (????). ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ? ????????, ????????? ? ????? ? ?????????, ? ????? ? ??????????. ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????, ? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?????, ??????? ? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ????????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ?? ???????? ?????. ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ???????, ????? ?? ???????? ? ????????????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????, ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????. ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????.

????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ????

??? ???? ???, ????????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ???????? , ????? ???? ?????? . ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ??????????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ??????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??????, ? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?, ?????, ??? ??? — ??????? ?????????, ???? ???. ??? ??????????? ???????????. ????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????????, ????? ????? ??????????? ? ????????? ???, ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????. ???????, ??????????? ????? ???????? ???-?? ?????????? ????? , ????????? ????????? ??? ?????.

? ???????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? — ???????? . ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????. ?? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ????????? . ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? «??????????».

? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? , ??????? ?????? ?????????? (?????????). ? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????, ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? . ????? ? ???????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ?? ??????. ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????.

????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? . ???????? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? (??????? ??????). ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????? . ????? ???? ??????????, ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??????? . ????? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???, ? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????.

???????? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? , ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????? ???? . ???????? ????????, ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ??? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? .

???????? ????????? ? ????????

?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????. ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ???????, ? ? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????. ???????? , ?????????? , ?????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????, ?????? ? ?? ?? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????.

?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????. ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (V ??? ?? ?. ?.), ? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? (IV ??? ?? ?. ?.) ???????? ?? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????? ????????? .

??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????. ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????????????? ????? ??????. ? VII—VI ????? ?? ?. ?. ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ? ??????????. ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????????? ????? ??????, ?????? ? ????????, ????????????? ? ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ??????, ? ????? ???????????? ????? ? ???????, ???????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.

?????? ???? ??????????????, ???????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? III ? 190 ???? ?? ?. ?.

??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? , ? ?????? , ??????? ????????? ???????????. ? V ???? ?? ?. ?. ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????. ? ??????????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? 130 ???????? ?? 50 ????????? ???????. ? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????, ????????? ???????? ???????? (???????? IV ???? ?? ?. ?.) ? ?????? ?? ???????, ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? , ? ????????? ???? (II ??? ?? ?. ?.) ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? «?????? ????», ??????????? ? ????? ???????????? ???-????? ? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ( ????? ????? ), ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? III ? 190 ???? ?? ?. ?. ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? (??????????? ?????), ????????????? ????????? , ???????? ? ?????????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????, ?? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? — ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????? (VI ??? ?? ?. ?.), ??????? ?????? ????? «????????», ??????????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ?? ????? (VI ??? ?? ?. ?.), ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ? ?????? ??????, ? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????, ??????????????? ????? 200 ??? ???????????, ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? (V ??? ?? ?. ?.), ????? ?????????? ??????, ? ??????????? ?? ?????? (IV ??? ?? ?. ?.), ????? ??????? ? ??????????.

?? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????????? (III ??? ?? ?. ?.), ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? , ?????? ??????? , ?, ???????, ???????? ?????? ????? (IV ??? ?? ?. ?.), ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ??? — ????? ????????? , ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????????????, ? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (II ??? ?? ?. ?.) ?? ??????, ?????????? ??????? ????, ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? ? ???????????? ???????. ? I ???? ?? ?. ?. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ? ???????????.

?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??????, ??????????, ?????????? ? ????????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? (II ??? ?? ?. ?.) ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????, ? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????? — ?. ?. ???????????? ? ????????? ??? ?????.

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????????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ??????????, ?????????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????. ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? — ??? ??????? — ?????? ?? ???????? ???????, ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ????, ???? ? ?????. ? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????????????????, ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????? ? ???????????.

?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ???????. ??????????, ? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ? ????, ????????? ? ???? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????, — ???, ????????, ????, — ????? ??? ?? ????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????. ? ??????????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????, ????? ? ???? ???????????? ? ?????? ????????.

????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ? ????, ? ????? ???????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??? ? ??????, ????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????. ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????, ? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????, ? ????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????. ????????, ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? — ??????, ????? ? ????????? — ??????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????.

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  • ???????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ??? , ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????????????? ??????????, ???????, ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?????. ? ???? ??????? ?????????, ????????, ????? ? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????????, ? ????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????, ???? ???????? ????????. ????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ? ????? ? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? — ?????, ???? ? ????.
  • ????????????? ??? . ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ?, ?????????????, ???? ??????????????. ??????????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????. ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????????, ? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ??????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????.
  • ???? ????? ? ????? . ???????????, ????????? ???? ??????? — ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????. ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? XVII ???? ? ????? ???????? ?????????, ????????????, ????????????? ? ???????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? (????????? ???????), ??? ? ??????? ? ????? (????, ?????????? ???????).
  • ????? . ??? ??????, ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????-?????????. ????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ?????, ? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????.
  • ???????? ??? . ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????, ???????????, ??????? ??????? ? ?? ??????????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????, ????????? ???????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???????? «???????» — ?????????? ???????, ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????.
  • ??????????? ???? . ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? «??????????» ( makrys — ???????).

?????????????????????

??????? ??????????, ????????? ????????
?????? ???????
  • ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? 19 ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????? — ???????? ????????? ???????, ? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????. ??????????? ? XIV ???? , ??? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ? ??????, ?? ???? ????????? ? 1856 ???? ????????? ???????. ?????? ???????????? ????????? ? 1930-? ???? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? III . ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??? , ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????, ? ????? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ??????.
  • ?????? ????????? («?????? ???????»), ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? — ????????? ??????????????? , ??? ????.
  • ?????????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????????, ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????????, ????????? ????-?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????, ??? ? ????? ??????????? ????????. ??? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????. ?????????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? — ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????.
  • ????? ?????? : ???????? ? ????????????? ?????
  • ???? ?????????? (???? ?????) — ????????? ???? ? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????, ????????????? ?????? ???????? .
  • ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????????? V ???? ?? ?. ?., ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????.
  • ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????.
  • ????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? — ??????????? ????? ???? ?????. ?????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???, ? ??? ????? ? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????.

???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? . ?????? ? V ???? ?? ?. ?. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ? ???????? ???. ??? ??????????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????. ?????? ???????? . ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????.

?????????

?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? (??????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ????, ? ????? ???? ? ????). ? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ? ????????, ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ???????. ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? , ???? , ??????, ? ??? ????? ?????????? .

?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? .

??????????

  1. // ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? / ???. ???. ?. ?. ?????? . — 3-? ???., ???????. ? ???. — ?. : ????? , 1986. — ?. 305.
  2. ?????? : ?????????? ????? : ??????? 1:1 000 000 / ??. ???. ?. ?. ??????? ; ???.: ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ?????? . — ?. : ??????????????, ?????? ???????????????? ??????? , 2001. — (?????? ???? «??????»). — 2000 ???.
  3. ? (????.) . ???????? ?????????? ???? (20 ????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 22 ??????? 2017. 13 ?????? 2015 ????.
  4. (????.) // ?tati?tikh e?ethpi?a ??? E?????? 2009 & 2010. — ????????: ???????? ?????????? ???? , 2011. — ?. 47 . — ISSN . 13 ??????? 2013 ????.
  5. (????.) // ?tati?tikh e?ethpi?a ??? E?????? 2009 & 2010. — ????????: ???????? ?????????? ???? , 2011. — ?. 28 . — ISSN . 13 ??????? 2013 ????.
  6. . ????? ?????????? ???????? . ???? ?????????: 12 ????? 2018. 13 ????? 2018 ????.
  7. // ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? / ???.-????. ?. ?????? ; ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?. ??????? , ?. ????????????? , ?. ?????????? , ?. ???????? , ?. ??????? ? ?. ???????? . — ???. , 1885. — ?. 1156—1157.
  8. // ????????? — ????????. — ?. : ??????? ?????????? ????????????, 2015. — ?. 587. — ( ??????? ?????????? ???????????? : [? 35 ?.] / ??. ???. ?. ?. ?????? ; 2004—2017, ?. 28). — ISBN 978-5-85270-365-1 .
  9. ???????? ?. ?. . — ?. : ???-?? ??? , 1951. — ?. 217. — 340 ?. 5 ???????? 2018 ????.
  10. ??????? . ???????. I 144.
  11. ??????? . ???????. II, 178
  12. ?????? ??????????? . ???????????? ??????????. V.57.8

??????

  • (????.)
???????? —


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