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???????? ( ???. Granate , ????. Granata ?? ???. Granatus — ?????????) — ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? , ???????????? ??????? , ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ??????? — ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ?????? , ?????????? ????????? , ??????????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? , ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? .
??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? — ? 50 ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? 400 — 2000 ?????? (??? ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????). ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? -« ???????? ». ??? ???? ?? ?????? XX ???? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ? ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? (???????? 196 ??). ?????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????????? (???????? ???, ??????????? ??????? ) ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????. ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? , ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ?????????, ? ?? ????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????????? ?????? ????? .
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????????? ?????? ?????? (????? ?????????? ??????? — Grénades ) ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? . ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ?????????????? ? IX ????. ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????-??????-??????? ???????, ????????????? «??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????? ? ? ????????? ??????? ???????», ???????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? « ?????? », ???????? ? ? ??????; ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????, ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????, ???? ? ????, ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? .
?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ?????. ? 1405 ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?????????? ????? XVI ???? ????? ???????? ????????, ??? «? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? , ????? ? ??????????? ??????????», ? ??????????? «???????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ??? ??? ????, ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ». ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? «??????????», ???? ?????? ??????? «??????? ???????» ? ????? ????? «?????????». ??? ???? ?? ??????? «??????? ???????», ????????? «??? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????». ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????, ? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ??????????, ???????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????? (?????? ???????) ????, ? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?????, ????? ????, ????????? ?? ??????? ????????, ????????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??????????? ???????, ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ? ?????? ????????? , ? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????????? ???.
? XVII ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ? ??????? ???. ? 1667 ???? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? 4 ???????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? (??????); ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? . ? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ????? ????? ?????-«??????????» ? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????.
? XVIII ???? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??? ? ? ??????????????. ??????????? ????? ????????????? ???????, ?? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ????? ? ???????????????? ? ?????? ???. ? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? 1839 ???? ?????????, ??? ? ?????????? ??????? (??????) ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? 1 ???? 13 ????? (????? 800 ???????) ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? 40 ?? 60 ????? (12 — 18 ??????).
?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ? ? ???????? XVIII ???? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? , ? ????????? ???????????? ???? ? ???????? ??? ??????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?? ????? .
??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? — ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? , ??? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ???????, ?? ??????????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ? 1885 ???? ? ?????? .
??????? ???????????? ???? ????, ? ????????, ?????????? ?? ????? ??????-???????? ????? , ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? . ????? ???, ???? ??????, ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????, ?? ???? ???????????, ? ???????? ??????????? ???????????????. ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ?????????? ????????? (????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? «????????» ), ? ?????? — ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ??-??? ????????? ? ???????????? . ??? ????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????; ???????????? ???????-?????????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ????????????, ??????? ???????, ????????? ???? , ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ? ????????? ??????. ? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ???? ?????????????, ? ?????????????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ????: ??????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? 24 ????????? (??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? , ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????????), ? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? .
?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ? ????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? , ????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? (1942) ? ???????? (1943) ?????????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????? . ? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? .
??????????
??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????? (??????). ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????, ? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????????, ? ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????????? . ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? , ? ?????, ??? ???????, — ???????? ??????????? ?????????? (????????). ??????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? , ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? . ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ?? ?????? (Volkshandgranate 45) ? ?????? (Glashandgranate) — ??? ???????, ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
??????????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 40 — 50 ??????, ??????????????? — ???????? ?? 20 ??????. ??????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ( ???-33 ), ??? ? ?? ????? ??????? ( ?-1 ).
?????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????????, ??? ? ???????? («???????»), ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????. ????? ????, ? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (???????, ??????? ? ?. ?.).
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??????? ????? ????? ?????????? , ????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? — ???????????? (????????? ??? ????? ? ????) ???? ? ????????? (????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?????????).
?????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????: ??? ???????????? ????????????????? ???? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ? ?????? ???????? (?? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ). ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? 1 ?? ? ??????? ? ?? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? , ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ???????. ? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ???????????, ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? , ????? ? ????????? ??????.
???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ???????????? ? ???????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????.
?????????????
??????? ????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????.
?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??:
- ?????? — ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? 15-50 ?,
- ??????????? — ??????? ????????? ????????????? — 100—400 ?,
- ??????? ??? ???????????? ( ???????????? ) — ????????? ???????? ?? 2 ???. ?????? .
?? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??:
-
????????? ?????????? (??????????????? ??? ????????????????? ????????? ??????????):
- ??????????????? (????????, ????????????)
- ??????????????? (??????????, ?????????-????????, ????????)
- ?????????????
-
???????????? ??????????:
- ???????
- ????????????
- ??????? ? ??.
- (????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ???????).
?? ??????? ??????? :
- ???????? ???????? — ???????????? ??? ??????? ? ?????-???? ?????????;
- ????????????? — ???????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? .
????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????:
- ?????????????? — ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (?????? ???????? ??, ??????????, ???????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????). ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??-?? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????????. ???????? ?????????????? ??????? — ?-1 (????? ?? — ??????, 60 ?.; ????? 600 ?.);
- ?????????????? — ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?? ????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????. ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??, ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????. ? ?????????????? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ??-42 (????? ?? — ??????, 110—120 ?.; ????? 420 ?.), ???-5 (????? ?? — ??????, 110 ?.; ????? 310 ?.).
????????????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???
?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???. ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ?????. ? ???? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????, ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????. ????, ??????? ?? ????, ???????? ????????? — ???? ?????????????, ?????????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????? « ???????? ».
?????? ?? ?????? ???????
?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????, ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ??? ???????????.
????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? — ????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?????: ?????? ? ??????, ???? ?????????, ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ??????? ? ????, ??????? ???, ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ???????, ??? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????: ??????? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? .
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- ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ? ??????? ????? . ? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? . ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? (? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ) ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ?????? ???????, ???? ? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? , ?? ?????? ??????? ???.
- ?????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ??????????? ??? ???? . ? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? . ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ?????? ????.
- ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? (? ??? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????) ?????? . ? ??????????, ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????, ??? ????. ?? ????????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ????????? (??????? ?? ???????, ????????, ????? «???????» ????, ??? ??? ???????????? ???????????, ? ??????? ?? ??????). ?? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????.
- ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? 200 ?????? ? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??????? . ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? . ????????, ? ?????????????? ??????? ?-1 ?????? ????????? — 20 ??????; ?????? ???????? — 200 ??????. ??? ????????, ??? ? ??????? 20 ?????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? (????? ??? ??????), ? ?? ?????????? ????? 200 ?????? — ?????????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????????. ?????? ????????? ????????? (??????????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ????) ?? ?????? ????????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? 5 ?????? . ??? ???? ??-?? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ????????, ? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????????? ??????????.
- ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ???????? . ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???, ???????????? ? ??????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ??-?? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????.
???????
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Stielhandgranate (? ???. — «?????? ??????? ? ?????????»), ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? -
Stielhandgranate . ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? -
?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? -
?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????
??. ?????
- ?????? ??????????
- ??????????????? ??????????
- ??????? — ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???????.
??????????
- ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????????, ??? ? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????
- ? . ???? ?????????: 16 ?????? 2009. 20 ?????? 2013 ????.
- ? .
- // ??????? ???????????? : [? 18 ?.] / ??? ???. ?. ?. ????????? … [ ? ??. ]. — ???. ; [ ?. ] : ???. ?-?? ?. ?. ?????? , 1911—1915.
- // ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? : ? 86 ?. (82 ?. ? 4 ???.). — ???. , 1890—1907.
- . weaponland.ru. ???? ?????????: 5 ????? 2019. 6 ????? 2019 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 5 ????? 2019. 6 ????? 2019 ????.
- , ?. 204.
- . ???? ?????????: 14 ?????? 2010. 17 ???? 2011 ????.
??????????
- // ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? : ? 86 ?. (82 ?. ? 4 ???.). — ???. , 1890—1907.
- ???????? ?. ?. // ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? : ? 86 ?. (82 ?. ? 4 ???.). — ???. , 1890—1907.
- ????? ???????. ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????. 100 ???????? ???????. — ?. : ??????? ???-????? , 2016. — 430 ?. — ISBN 978-5-91671-575-0 .
- // ??????????? — ?????????. — ?. : ??????? ?????????? ????????????, 2007. — ?. 623. — ( ??????? ?????????? ???????????? : [? 35 ?.] / ??. ???. ?. ?. ?????? ; 2004—2017, ?. 7). — ISBN 978-5-85270-337-8 .
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aoibhe
- 2021-05-20
- 2
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Граната образца 1914/30 г.
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