???? , ????? ???????? ??? ????? ( ??????. , ???. ????. ?? ; 1601 — 12 ??????? 1667, ????? ) — ???????????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? (1661—1667). ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? (????.) ( , ??????????? ? ??????? ???????.

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???? ???? ???? ? ???? ????, ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????????? , ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? (1559—1626). ??? ? ??, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????????? ???????????. ? 1628 ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????? , ???? ? ????????? ??????? , ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ?????? , ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????. ? 1629 ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? «???????????? ?????», ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? , ????????? ????????? ????? ? ??????????????? ??????????, ? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????. ? 1630 ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????.

? 1643 ???? ???? ???? «??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????», ? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ???? ?? 1643 ????, ?? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????? (????? ????????? — « ??????? »), ?????????? ??? ??????. ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ??????? (1612—1650), ??????? ???? ??????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? . ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???, ? 1645 ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????? ? 1640-? ?????, ???? ??? ?????????? ? ??????, ?????????, ??????, ? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????, ????? ? 1648 ???? ????? ????????? ? ????????. ? 1651 ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????, ??????? ??? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ??? ? ??????? ??????????.

? ??????? 1661 ???? ????? ?????? 22-??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? (????? ????????? — « ????? ») (1654—1722). ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? , ? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? , ????, ??????? ? ??????? . ?????????? ????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????, ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????. ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????.

16 ??????? 1665 ???? ????????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? . ???????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????.

12 ??????? 1667 ???? ???? ?????????. ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ????? ? ??????? (????? ????) ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????.

?????????

• Dennerline, Jerry (2002), «The Shun-chih Reign», in Peterson, Willard J. (ed.), Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch’ing Dynasty to 1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 73-119, ISBN 0521243343 .
• Kessler, Lawrence D. (1976), K’ang-hsi and the Consolidation of Ch’ing Rule, 1661—1684, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0226432033 .
• Oxnam, Robert B. (1975), Ruling from Horseback: Manchu Politics in the Oboi Regency, 1661—1669, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
• Spence, Jonathan D. (2002), «The K’ang-hsi Reign», in Peterson, Willard J. (ed.), Cambridge History of China, Vol. 9, Part 1: The Ch’ing Dynasty to 1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 120-82, ISBN 0521243343 .

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