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???????? ?????? ???????? 2001 ????, ? ??? ????? 24 000 ??????? , ?? ??????? 22 000 ????? ?? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ???????? ? 70 ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ???-?????? ?????? . ??? 2355 ??????? ? 1700 ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? .

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????? «????» (Yup’ik, ????????????? ????? Yupiit) ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? «??» ( yuk , «???????») ? ??????????? ???????? «-???» ( -pik ), ??????????? «?????????, ????????»; ????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? ???????? «????????? ????» . ? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? «??» ? «???». ????? ? ???????? ???-?????? ? ???????? ?????????? «?????» .

? ???????????????? ?????? ????? «????» ???????? ???????? , ??? ??? ? ??????????-???????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? (?????) .

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????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????, ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ????? 10 000 ??? ????? . ???????????? ????? ????? , ????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? ??? , ?????? ? ?????? ? ???, ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ???????. ????????, ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? , ? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?? 20 ?? 8 ???. ?. ?. ? ??????? ??????????. ???????? 3 000 ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ????????? (1 400 ??? ?????). ??? ???????? ?? ????? ? ?? ????????? .

?? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? (???????? ??? ??-???? ?????) ???????? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ? 6—5 ???. ?. ?., ? ????? ??????? ?????????????? (??????? ???????) ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????. ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ????????? ????? — ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????-???????????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? 1 ???. ??? ????? .

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???????? ??? ?????? — ????? ( qasgiq ) — ??? ?????????????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ????????? (???????????????? ??????, ??????? ? ?????????????? ???????) ? ????????? ???????????? ???????????, ? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??????? . ?????? ? ???????? ?????????????? ?????, ????? ????? ????????? ??????. ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ????????? ? ????? ???????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? .

??????? ???, ??? ( ena ), ??? ??????????? ????? ? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????, ????, ???????? ???? ? ????, ? ????? ?????. ???????? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????, ? ???????? ? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ????????????, ? ????????? — ???????? ? ????.

????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????; ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????.

????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????.

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???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??????????????, 75 % ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????.

??????????? ? ????????? ?????, ??? ? ??????????? ???????? , ?????????? ????????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????- ??????? ? 1760-? ?????. ????? ????, ??????????? ????? ? ?????? — ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ??????????? ????????????. ??? ???? ??????????????? ? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????????? . ? ????? XIX ???? ??????????, ????????? ? ??????, ???????????? ?? ???? ? ????????????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? .

????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ? ????????, ? ??????? ?? «???????» (??????). ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????.

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? U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30). ?? 29 ???????? 2012 ?? Wayback Machine ?? 12 ?????? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine . U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
? Achirgina-Arsiak, Tatiana. ?? 12 ?????? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine Alaska Native Collections. 1996. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
. ???? ?????????: 12 ?????? 2013. 14 ?????? 2012 ????.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2004-06-30). ?? 12 ?????? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine ?? 12 ?????? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine . U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000, special tabulation. Retrieved on 2007-04-12.
«Yup’ik.» U*X*L Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. U*X*L. 2008. Retrieved August 14, 2012 from ?? 15 ??? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine
? Fienup-Riordan, 1993, p. 10.
23 ?????? 2009 ????.
Jacobson, Steven A. Central Yup’ik and the Schools: A Handbook for Teachers. Juneau: Alaska Native Language Center, 1984. page 5
Naske and Slotnick, 1987, p. 18.
Naske and Slotnick, 1987, pp. 9-10.
Pavel Flegontov et al. (2019) ?? 16 ??????? 2021 ?? Wayback Machine , ( ?? 23 ?????? 2018 ?? Wayback Machine , 2017; ?? 5 ?????? 2021 ?? Wayback Machine )
?? 28 ??????? 2017 ?? Wayback Machine , the identification of Inuit portrayed in photographic collections at Library and Archives Canada
15 ??????? 2007 ????. , Jacobsburg Record (Publication of the Jacobsburg Historical Society, Nazareth, Pennsylvania), Volume 33, Issue 1 (Winter 2006): 4-5, accessed 6 December 2011

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