Interested Article - Премия Джона Карти

Премия Джона Карти ( англ. John J. Carty Award for the Advancement of Science ) — награда, вручаемая Национальной академией наук США за выдающиеся научные достижения. Названа в честь американского инженера . Создана на средства American Telephone and Telegraph Company, в которой работал Джон Карти. Размер премии 25 тысяч долларов США. Премией награждены 9 лауреатов Нобелевской премии.

Лауреаты

Год	Лауреат	Обоснование награды
1932		—
1936	Эдмунд Бичер Уилсон	—
1939	Брэгг, Уильям Генри	—
1943	Конклин, Эдвин	—
1945	Дюранд, Уильям Фредерик	—
1947	Гаррисон, Росс	—
1950	Ленгмюр, Ирвинг	—
1953	Буш, Вэнивар	—
1961	Таунс, Чарлз Хард	—
1963	Морис Юинг	—
1965	Стёртевант, Альфред	—
1968	Гелл-Ман, Марри	—
1971	Уотсон, Джеймс	—
1975	Джон Тузо Вильсон	—
1978	Мазер, Джон Норман	—
1981	Яу Шинтан	—
1984	Роберт Х. Бёррис	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For his penetrating studies of the biochemistry of nitrogen fixation have enriched the agricultural sciences by deed and example.
1987	Кимура, Мотоо	Оригинальный текст (англ.) By demonstrating the role of stochastic processes in inducing and maintaining most allelic diveristy in nature, he has unified molecular biology with evolutionary theory, thereby strengthening both fields.
1992	Тейлор, Джозеф Хотон	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For developing pulsar timing experiments with exquisite accuracy to make fundamental studies of gravitation, including gravitational radiation and high-order tests of general relativity.
1994	Ратнер, Марина Евсеевна	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For her striking proof of the Raghunathan conjectures.
1997	Кирч, Патрик	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For the unique breadth of his distinguished anthropological accomplishments, spanning many Pacific islands and joining their archeology with ethnobotany, ethnobiohistory, historical linguistics, and human biology.
2000	Линден-Белл, Дональд	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For his outstanding work in theoretical astrophysics, and especially for the originality of his contributions to our understanding of the collective dynamic effects within stellar systems.
2003		Оригинальный текст (англ.) For his profound contributions to the theory and practice of statistics, including rigorous foundations for Bayesian influence and trenchant analysis of census adjustment.
2004	Элинор Остром	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For her exceptional contributions to the study of social institutions, research that has greatly advanced our understanding of resource management, and the governance of local public economies.
2005	Роберт Кава	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For his outstanding contributions in the synthesis and characterization of many new materials that display interesting and important superconducting, dielectric, magnetic, or thermal properties.
2006	Расселл Дулиттл	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For contributing seminal insights and methods for using computers as an aid to characterizing protein function, in comparing amino acid sequences, and for phylogenetic reconstructions.
2007		Оригинальный текст (англ.) For contributions in the areas of ethylene signal transduction and Arabidopsis genomics that have paved the way for a revolution in modern agriculture.
2008	Айснер, Томас	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For pathbreaking studies of the myriad ways that organisms utilize chemistry to mediate ecological interactions and providing a foundation for the field of chemical ecology.
2009	Фельзенштейн, Джозеф	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For revolutionizing population genetics, phylogenetic biology, and systematics by developing a sophisticated computational framework to deduce evolutionary relationships of genes and species from molecular data.
2010	Гейм, Андрей Константинович	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For his experimental realization and investigation of graphene, the two-dimensional form of carbon.
2012		Оригинальный текст (англ.) For outstanding contributions to the understanding of spatial attention and for pioneering investigations of the neural basis of cognition using non-invasive functional brain imaging methods.
2014		Оригинальный текст (англ.) For pioneering efforts to develop new genomic technologies and using the technologies to make discoveries in virology that are of fundamental and practical importance.
2016	Theodorus M. Meuwissen	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For the development of genomic selection - uniting quantitative genetic theory with genomics technology - revolutionizing the genetic improvement of livestock and crops. Their research also invigorated genomic prediction, which has far-ranging implications for fields from human medicine to conservation biology.
2018	Крепс, Дэвид Милгром, Пол Роберт Уилсон	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For making fundamental advances to game theory by showing how incomplete information alters equilibrium outcomes. Their advances enhance our understanding the impact of reputation and the emergence of cooperation. The resulting insights enrich the analysis and application of auctions for allocating scarce resources.
2020	Бертоцци, Каролин	Оригинальный текст (англ.) For her invention of bioorthogonal chemistry—a broadly applicable class of processes for scalable production of novel biomaterials. Her innovative technologies have been extensively translated to commercial settings for therapeutic and diagnostics discovery. She also employs these tools for glycobiology studies and tuberculosis research.