Гонсалес, Рикардо Примитиво
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Interested Article - Веркола
breeze
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???????? — ???? ? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????? . ???????????????? ????? ?? «???????????» .
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??????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ?? ?????? ??????, ?? 50 ?????????? ???? ?? ???????, ??? ???????? ????? ????????? , ? ??????????? ????? ?? 3 ??. ???????? ???????, ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ????????????? ??????? ? ?????????-??????????? ??????? ????????? . ?????? ????????? ???????????? — ???? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????, ???????????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????????-??????????? ??????? ????????? . ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? «??????»: ????????, ?????? ?????, ?????? (????? ???????), ??????? ????? (?????), ????? ? ????????.
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?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ? 1552 ???? . ? XVI ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? . ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ???????????? ? 1623 ???? — ???????? ????? ???????????? ????? — ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? XVII ???? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? 34 ???????. ? 1639 ???? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????. ? 2007 ???? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? .
? 2018 ???? ??????? ????? ? ?????????? « ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? », ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????????-??????????? ? ??????? ???????? .
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? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????. ? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?????????? «? ????», ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????????. ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? XI ????? .
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| 2002 | 2010 | 2012 |
|---|---|---|
| 466 | ? 370 | ? 446 |
???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? 1897 ???? ??????? ?????????? 25 ???????? ? ??????, ? ??????? ????????? 1140 ???????, ?? ??? 562 ??????? ? 578 ??????. ? ?????????, ??? ?? ???????????? ? ?????????, ????????? 169 ???????. ?? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????, ??????? ????????? — ????????????? ? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????????, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?? 1 ?????? 2012 ????, ?????????? 446 ???????, ?? ??? 65 ????? (?? 0 ?? 18 ???) ? 167 ???????????.
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????????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????-????????? ????????? . ?? ???? ??????, ????????? ???????????? « ????? ?????????? », ?? ??????, ??? ? ????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???, ????, ????????, ?????? . ?? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?. ?. ??????? , ??????? ? ??????? 20 ??? (? 1950—1970 ?????) ?????? ?? ??????? ? ???????????: « ??????? ???????????? ????????? — ???????? ?????? — ????? ????????? ???, ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ????????, ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????, ???? ?????-?? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ???????. ??????????, ??? ??? ?????????-??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? (???????? ????????????). ??????? ?????????? (???????????), ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????????-???????????, ???-?? ???????? ? ????. ? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? (????????-??????) »
???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????: ?????? ??? ?????????, ??????????????? ?? -??, -???: (????????, ???????); -??: (?????); -??, -???: ??????, ??????, ??????; -??: (?????, ??????), -??, -??, -??: (??????, ??????, ??????); -??, -????: (????????, ?????????, ?????, ?????)
?? ?????????? ????? «verkko» ???????? ?????????? ???? . ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ?????-????????? ???????? « ????? (??????? ????) ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ». ??? ?????? ?????????, ??? ??? ? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? ???????.
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- ??????? ??????????? (1532—1545)
- ????? ???????, ??? ? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? « ??????????? ????? », ???????? ????? ??????? (1920—1983)
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???????????-???????????? ????? ?. ?. ???????? , ?????????? ?. ?. ???????????? .
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? 1988 ???? ??? ?????? . ??? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????-????????? ???????? ????, ????????? ? ?????? ? ????????????? ?. ?. ???????? .
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- ? . ???? ?????????: 20 ?????? 2014. 20 ?????? 2014 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 27 ??????? 2015. 5 ?????? 2016 ????.
- ??????? ?. ?. ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? ?. ???????.
- (??????????? ?????? — ) .
- ?????? ?. ?. ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? (??????? ???? ???, ????????? ?????, ????????????? ???????). — ?. : ?????. ??-?? ????, 1969. — 77 ?.
- ?? 23 ?????? 2021 ?? Wayback Machine / ?. ?. ????. ????????? ?????? ????? / ??????? ?????? // ??????????? : ?????????????? ???????? ????, ????????????? ??????, 1991
- . ???? ?????????: 22 ??????? 2010. 6 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ?? 4 ??????? 2012 ?? Wayback Machine
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- ????? ?. ?. // ??????? ???????. — 2010. — 12 ???????.
breeze
- 2020-01-25
- 1
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Аберрация оптической системы
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