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????? ????? ??????? ( ????? ?????? ????? ???? , ????. Gulab Singh, Maharaja Gulab Singh Jamwal ; 17 ??????? 1792 — 30 ???? 1857) — ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????? , ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????-???????? ????? . ?? ????? ?????? ?????-???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ???????, ??? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? . ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? 7 500 000 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? , ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? .

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?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????, ??????? 1846 ????.

????? ????? ??????? 17 ??????? 1792 ???? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? . ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ? 1809 ???? ? ??? ?????????? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? 12 000 ?????, ? ????? 90 ??????? .

? 1808 ???? , ????? ?????????? ?????????, ???? ????????????? ????????? ??????? . ?????? ?????, ??????? ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????, ? ????? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ??????, ????????? . ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ???? ????????? ? 1819 ???? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ? 1820 ???? , ? ???? ??????????????? ?? ??????, ????????? ??????, ? ????? ????? ? ?????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????????.

? 1821 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ? ????-???? ? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? (?? ?? ????????-???). ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????-????-????. ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????-?????, ?????.

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?????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? , ???????? 19 ????.

????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? 1822 ???? , ? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? . ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????? ??????.

?????? ?????? (???????-???????????? ? ?????????????????) ?????? ?????? , ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? 3 ???????? ??????, 15 ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ? 40 ??????????? ?????? .

? 1824 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? , ????????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? . ? 1827 ???? ?? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????? , ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?????. ????? 1831 ? 1839 ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????, ??????, ?????? ? ???????.

? 1837 ???? , ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????????, ????????????? ??????? ????????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ?????. ????? ????????? ????-???, ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ????? ???????, ????????????? ????-???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ? ????? ?????? ????-??? ?????? ? ??? ????????? ???? ???????, ? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???, ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ?????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? .

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????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? 1839 ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ??????, ? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ? ???????-????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ? 1840 ???? , ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??????, ????, ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

? ?????? 1841 ???? ????????? ?????? , ??? ???????? ?????? , ????????? ????????? ????????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ? ???????. ?? ????? ?????? ??, ??? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? .

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????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????. ???????? ? 1840—1845 ????.

???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????, ??????, ?????, ??. 1875 — ??. 1940

??? ???????? ? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? (???????????? ???????? ??????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ? 1842 ???? . ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????, ? ????????? ???? ?????. ????? ????????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????????. ? 1844 ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????, ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???????, ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????.

?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ? ??????? 27 ???? ????????? ?????.

?? ???? ??????????? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? ??? 75 ????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?, ????? ???????, ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????????). ???????????? ?????????? ?????? (???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????) ??????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????, ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ?????????, ? ?????? . ?? ????? ?????? ?????-???????? ????? 1849 ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????????-?????? ????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????. ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ? ??????, ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????????. ? 1850 ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????.

????????? ????? ????? ????????? 30 ???? 1857 ???? , ? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? .

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? . Encyclopaedia of Sikhism . Punjabi University Patiala. ???? ?????????: 6 ?????? 2017. 22 ??????? 2018 ????.
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Sir Alexander Cunningham, Four Reports Made During The Years 1862-63-64-65 , (The Government Central Press, 1871), Volume I, Page 13. ?? 24 ???? 2021 ?? Wayback Machine
? Sir Lepel H. Griffin, The Panjab Chiefs. , (T. C. McCarthy, Chronicle Press, 1865), Page 594. ?? 1 ?????? 2020 ?? Wayback Machine
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