Interested Article - Премия Тома Боннера

Премия Тома Боннера в области ядерной физики — ежегодная премия, присуждаемая отделом ядерной физики Американского физического общества . Основана в 1964 году в память о , американском физике-экспериментаторе, его друзьях и коллегах. В настоящий момент премия состоит из 10 000$ и сертификата, ссылающегося на вклад получателя.

Цель премии, по заявлению АФО :

Поощрять выдающиеся экспериментальные исследования в области ядерной физики, в том числе разработки методов, техник или устройств, которые вносят существенный вклад в изучении ядерной физики.

Оригинальный текст (англ.)

To recognize and encourage outstanding experimental research in nuclear physics, including the development of a method, technique, or device that significantly contributes in a general way to nuclear physics research.

Премия Боннера, как правило, присуждается за индивидуальные достижения в экспериментальных исследованиях, но может быть присуждена за теоретические работы групп, участники которых внесли свой вклад в одно достижение.

Отборочный комитет формируется после награждения кандидата текущего года. В комитет входит несколько членов комиссии из АФО и получатель премии предыдущего года.

Лауреаты

Год	Лауреат	Обоснование награды
1965		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his precise measurement of elastic scattering of neutrons from nuclei which were basic to the development of the absorbing optical model of the nucleus»
1966	Роберт Ван де Грааф	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to and continued development of the electrostatic accelerator, a device that has immeasurably advanced nuclear physics»
1967		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his many contributions to the study of light nuclei and to nuclear instrumentation, for his discovery of mirror nuclei and for his scientific leadership which led to the establishment of a center of nuclear research with the highest standards at the California Institute of Technology»
1968		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering development of the pressurized electrostatic accelerator and other high precision equipment for nuclear physics research, for early contributions to the proton-proton scattering problems, and for a continuing series of experiments, each setting a new standard of quality which profoundly affect-ed the whole course of nuclear physics research»
1969	Грегори Брейт	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his early work on proton-induced nuclear reactions which contributed to the pioneering Breit-Wigner theory of nuclear resonances; for his early and continuing work on nucleon-nucleon scattering which led to the recognition of charge independence of nuclear forces; and for his many other theoretical contributions arising from his intimate association with experiments in many facets of physics»
1970	Уильям Альфред Фаулер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For leading and stimulating quantitative laboratory studies of those nuclear processes of importance in the astrophysical environment thereby increasing our understanding of the origin of the elements and of stellar evolution»
1971	Морис Голдхабер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his many ideas and discoveries, spanning the field of nuclear physics that have played vital roles in establishing the nature of nuclei, the electromagnetic interactions with nuclei, the weak interactions, and the validity of the conservation laws central to all physics»
1972		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their contributions to the discovery and understanding of analog states in complex nuclei. This work has greatly extended the applicability of the concept of isospin symmetry, offered new insights into nuclear dynamics, and provided a new conceptual tool for the analysis of the structure of nuclear states»
1973	Фешбах, Герман	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his many contributions to the development of the theory of nuclear reactions, of practical formalisms and methods designed to be most useful to experimentalists and data analysts»
1974		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his lucid, catholic and continuing contributions, which have yielded important advances in areas as diverse as the role of isospin in nuclear physics, to areas of instrumentation basic to modern data-taking techniques»
1975	Ву Цзяньсюн	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For her pioneering work in beta decay, and particularly for carrying out beautifully precise experiments, crucial for unraveling of the nature of the weak interactions»
1976		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his significant contributions to numerous aspects of nuclear structure through nuclear reactions, particularly for his work on nuclear coulomb energies and the effective residual interactions in the shell model»
1977		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their discovery that direct nuclear reactions can be used to determine angular momenta of discreet nuclear states and for their systematic exploitation of this discovery permitting the determination of spins, parities and quantitative properties of nuclear wave functions»
1978	Сергей Поликанов Вилен Струтинский	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their significant contributions to the discovery and elucidation of isometric fission. Their work has vastly expanded our understanding of the role of the single particle states on the total energy of heavy deformed nuclei»
1979		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their unusual contributions to the development and use of ion sources for charged particle accelerators in both basic physics and applied fields»
1980		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their contributions to the understanding of high-spin states of nuclei. Their studies of multiple Coulomb excitations with heavy ions, of multiple gamma ray cascades, and of the effects of the Coriolis coupling in rotational spectra are important ingredients in our understanding of rapidly rotating nuclei»
1981		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For pointing the way to some basic issues in nuclear structure and reactions: to our understanding of low-lying collective states, the occupation of single-particle levels, and the mechanisms of direct reactions»
1982		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his seminal contributions to the microscopic theory of the dipole state and other collective vibrations in nuclei, and to the recognition of the connection between the general nature of such modes and other many-body phenomena»
1983		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his persistent and innovative efforts in the study of (p,n) reactions, exhibiting so clearly the giant Gamow-Teller resonance, the spin-isospin sound excitation in nuclei»
1984		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his outstanding contributions to design of magnetic spectrometers and beam optics in the field of nuclear physics»
1985		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his outstanding contributions in using nuclei to study fundamental symmetries, particularly studies of parity violation and isospin mixing»
1986		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to and leadership in the development of the superconducting linear accelerator for the production of high-quality ion beams, a new technology that broadens the base for nuclear structure research»
1987		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their elegant studies of nuclei using high-energy electron scattering. In particular, their precision measurements of nuclear charge and current densities have offered novel perspectives on ground states and valence orbitals»
1988	Раймонд Дэвис	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his use of nuclear reactions in detecting neutrinos, particularly his elegant 37C1 measurement of the solar neutrino flux, his role in developing the 71Ga neutrino experiment, and his demonstration that reactor antineutrinos do not induce the 37c1-- 37Ar reaction»
1989		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For the decisive and creative role which he has played in using the nucleus as a laboratory for the study of fundamental interactions. His seminal studies of time-reversal invariance, parity nonconservation, and charge symmetry breaking have motivated a generation of important experiments»
1990		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his many contributions to fundamental measurements of electroweak and strong interactions. We cite in particular his early recognition of the importance of high energy polarized electron beams and his role in the measurement of the spin-dependent electroweak structure functions of the nucleon»
1991		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For the discovery and characterization of super-deformed nuclear states at very high spin. His leadership in the development of Comp-ton-suppressed germanium detector arrays has been a crucial factor in the development of this new area of nuclear structure»
1992		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For pioneering development of innovative accelerator configurations which have allowed new levels of precision and flexibility for nu-clear physics research»
1993	Акито Арима	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For the development of the interacting Boson Model, their recognition of the role of dynamical symmetries in nuclear structure, and for the impact of their work on the entire field of algebraic modeling in nuclear physics»
1994		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For pioneering contributions to our under-standing of the structure of light nuclei via the development and exploitation of experimental techniques in nuclear spectroscopy combined with theoretical analyses»
1995		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of the weak interaction and fundamental symmetries in the nucleus. We especially note his measurements of positron polarization in beta decay and their impact on the development of the V-A theory of weak interactions, his pioneering studies providing convincing evidence for parity violation in nuclear transitions, and his frontier defining searches for violations of time-reversal invariance in nuclei and for neutrino oscillations»
1996		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his preeminent theoretical guidance and inspirational leadership in exploiting electromagnetic and weak probes of the nucleus and for his fundamental contributions to the understanding of the nucleus as a relativistic quantum many-body system»
1997		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his intellectual and experimental leadership in seminal experiments testing charge symmetry and independence, determining fundamental properties of nuclear reactions having cosmological and astrophysical significance, and establishing stringent limits on the mass of the electron antineutrino»
1998		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering experiments using dimuon production in proton-nucleus interactions which demonstrate that there is no antiquark enhancement in nuclei, and which delineate the characteristics of charmonium and open charm production in nuclear systems»
1999		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For fundamental contributions in determining the structure of light nuclei by solving the Schroedinger problem with more than three nucleons using realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions supplemented by three-body forces»
2000		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his leadership in pioneering measurements of the electromagnetic properties of nuclei and nucleons at short distance scales that addressed the fundamental connection of nuclear physics to Quantum Chromodynamics and motivated new experimental programs»
2001		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their critical leadership in conceiving and developing the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and advanced ECR source, which have opened a new era in heavy ion studies of nuclear phenomena»
2002
2003	Артур Макдональд	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his leadership in resolving the solar neutrino problem with the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory»
2004		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his many varied contributions to nuclear-structure and reaction theory, which have guided and illuminated experiments for four decades»
2005		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his pioneering role in experimental studies of the structure of the deuteron and especially for his innovative use of polarization techniques in these experiments»
2006		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of their ultra-high precision measurements and extraordinarily detailed analyses of 0+ ‰ 0+ nuclear beta decay rates to explore the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix as a test of the electroweak Standard Model»
2007		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to Neutrino Physics and the study of Weak Interactions, in particular for his leading role in the KAMLAND experiment, as well as for his work on precision measurements of the beta decay of the neutron»
2008		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his pioneering role in the experimental studies of flow in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions»
2009		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering work on studying nucleon structure using parity-violating electron scattering, in particular for the first measurement of the strange quark contribution to the electromagnetic structure of the proton»
2010		Оригинальный текст (англ.) {{{2}}}
2011		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For providing critical insight into the evolution of nuclear structure with varying proton and neutron numbers and the discovery of a variety of dynamic symmetries in nuclei»
2012	Витольд Назаревич	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his foundational work in developing and applying nuclear Density Functional Theory, motivating experiments and interpreting their results, and implementing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the physics of exotic nuclei»
2013		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his leadership in the first observation of the rare process of two neutrino double beta decay, where his creative contributions were instrumental to its successful detection and transformed the field»
2014		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics, in particular for his leading role in the PHENIX experiment, as well as for his seminal work on identical two-particle density interferometry as an experimental tool»
2015		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For developing foundational experimental and theoretical tools to enable and guide generations of experiments in relativistic heavy ion physics. The combination of experiment and theory led to the initial discoveries at RHIC, ongoing precision studies of the properties of hot nuclear matter, and to exploration of the nuclear matter phase diagram»
2016		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For seminal contributions to the field of nuclear structure through the development of advanced gamma-ray detectors as realized in the Gammasphere device, and for pioneering work on gamma-ray energy tracking detectors demonstrated by the Gamma-ray Energy Tracking Array (GRETINA)»
2017		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For groundbreaking measurements of nucleon structure, and discovering the unexpected behavior of the magnetic and electric nucleon form factors with changing momentum transfer»
2018		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «for his scientific leadership in the development and utilization of instruments and techniques for discovery and exploration of exotic nuclei, and for his community leadership in elucidating the physics of rare isotope beams and advancing the realization of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams facility.»
2019	Барбара Яцек	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For her leadership in the discovery and characterization of the quark-gluon plasma, in particular for her contributions to the PHENIX experiment and its explorations of jets as probes.»
2020		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For pioneering work developing and using polarized internal targets in storage rings and for leadership in the study of the structure of the nucleon in a wide range of electronuclear experiments.»