Мола, Клинтон
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???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ( ????. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ; ???. 26 ??????? 1947 , ?????? , ??? ) — ???????????? ???????????? ? ??????????????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ??? (1993—2001), ??????????????? ????????? ??? (2009—2013). ???????? ? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? 2016 ???? ?? ??????????????? ?????? (??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? , ?? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ).
?????? ???? ????????? (1983—1992), ??????? ?? ????? ???-???? (2001—2009). ?????? ???????????? ????? , ??????? , ???????? ???????? (? ?????? 2020 ????) . ??????? 42-?? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? .
?????????
??????? ????? ???????? 26 ??????? 1947 ???? ? ???????? ????????? — ?????? , ???????? .
??????? ????? ? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? . ??????? ????? ???? ? ??????, ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????, ????????? ? ????? ????-???? .
?? ????, ??? ???????? ????? (1911—1993) ???? ?????????? ?????????????, ? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ? ????? ??????? ( ??????????? ?????????????? ).
?? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????? (1919—2011) ???? ???????????? , ? ????? ?????????? , ??????????? , ?????????? , ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????.
? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? — ??? (???. 1950) ? ???? ????? (8 ??????? 1954 — 7 ???? 2019) .
?????? ????????, ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ? ????????. ??? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? , ???????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ? ???-????? .
? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ??? ? ??????????? ????? ? ???? ????????? ? ???? ??????, ??? ??????????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ????? ??????????? .
??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ??? (????. Maine East High School ), ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? — ???????? ? ???????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ??????, ? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ??????. ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ???? (????. Maine South High School ), ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? «????? ????????? ? ??????».
? 1965 ???? ????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? , ??? ?????????????????? ? ??????? ??????????? . ? 1969 ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? . ? 1973 ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
? ???????????? ??? ????????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? . ??? ?????????? ? 1975 ???? .
?? ?????????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? . ????? ????????? ? ???? ???????? , ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ???????.
? 1975 ???? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ? 1976 ???? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? Rose Law Firm .
? 1978 ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????. ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????? .
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? (1979—1981 ? 1983—1993), ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????, ? ?????????, ? ????? ????????, ??? ???????????, ??????????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????.
? 1986—1992 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ??????? 1992 ???? , ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ? 1993 ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????.
? 1998 ???? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? , ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? , ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ?????????? ? ???.
? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? (???. 1980 ).
?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? « ????? ????? », ??????? ?????????????? ?? ?????????? CBS ? 1988 ?? 1998 ??? .
???????????? ???????
????????????? ????? ????????
? 1990 ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? 190 000 ????????, ? 1993 — ??? 250 000 ????????, ?????????????? ????? ?? ???? — 35 000 ???????? ? ???. ? 1986—1992 ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? Wal-Mart .
???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ???, ? ?????????, ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ( 1993 — 1994 ). ? ?????? 1993 ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????????? . ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ????????? (???????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ? ???????? ? 1994 ????) ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????.
??????? ????????? ????????? Save America’s Treasures , ???????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? — ?? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? .
??????? ?? ????? ???-????
? 2000 ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? ???-???? . ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? , ???????????? ??????? ?. ???-????? . ???????? ??????? ?????????? ? ????? ? ?????? 2006 ???? , ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????????? ???????? 2008 ???? .
???????????? ???????? 2008 ????
????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? 2007 ???? , ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????-??????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????, ? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ? ??????? (????? 5,3 ??? ???????? ??? ? ?????? 2008 ), ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????????? ? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ?? ?????? 2007 ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? 40 % ???? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????????-???????????? ?????. ?? ???????? ????? ?????????? ? ????? 2007 ???? , ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ??? ? ????????? , ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????. ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ????? 3 ?????? 2008 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ? ????????. ??????? ??????? ????? 29 % ??????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? (30 %) ? ????? (38 %). ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ????????, ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ?????. ??? ?? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????-??????????? ??????????? ?????-???? ?????????? ????? (35 %), ? ?? ??????? (30 %).
?? ????????? , ? ?????? 2008, ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ? ???-?????? ?????? ????? ? ? ?????????????? ????????? ? ????? ????? , ?? ??????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? . 22 ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ????? ???????????? .
7 ???? 2008 ???? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ??????????? ????? .
??????????????? ????????? ???
????????? ? ???????????
????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????? 2008 ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ????????? ??? . 21 ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? , ? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? 1 ???????.
10 ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????, ????? (? ???????????? ? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ) ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ??????????. ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????-??????? 19 ???????. ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ? 1 ?????? 2007 ????.
???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? , ? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? 13 ?????? 2009 ????. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? (???????????? ? 16 ?????? 1).
????? ??????????? ?????? ????? 20 ?????? 2009 ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? . ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? 21 ?????? ? ???????? ???????????? ? 94 ?????? ?????? 2. ? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???-???? . ? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? 22 ?????? 2009 ????.
???????????? ?? ????? ????????????
? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ? ????-????????? ?????? ?????? , ? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????????????. ?????? ???????- ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ???????, ? ?????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? — ?????? ??????? , ?????? ????????????? ??? ??? ??? ? ????????????? ????? ???????? .
6 ????? 2009 ???? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? «?????????????????». ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? «????????????», ? «??????????» .
13-14 ??????? 2009 ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??????, ??? ??? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???? , ??????? ?? ???-III ? «????????????» ? ?????????-???????????? ?????????? .
18 ????? 2010 ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???. ? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ???????????? «??????». ? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ???, ?? ???????????? ??? ? ??????, ? ?????? , ????? ?????? ? ??????? .
20 ??????? 2011 ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? . ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? SMS . ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? ? ???????? SBS News ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????????? «?? ??». ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? «??????. ??????. ???????», ??????? ?? ?????? ???????: «??????, ???????, ?? ????» .
1 ??????? 2013 ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? ? ????? ???????????? ???. ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? .
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? ????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? «Hard Choices» («??????? ????????», ????. «??????? ??????», 2014) . ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???, ??? ???? ? ??? ? ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????, ?? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ????????????. «?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????, ?? ???????????? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ????????? ????, ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????????, ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???-????????? ????, ?? ? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????, ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ? ??? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ??????????. ??? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?? ????????» .
??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???????????????? ?????????, ? ????? 2015 ????, ?????????? ??????? ??-?? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????. ? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????, 8 ???? 2016 ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????? ?????????? .
4 ????? 2014 ???? ?? ????????????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ? 1930-? ????, ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????, ? ????????? ?????? ? ????? (??. ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ). ?? ????????? ????, ???????? ? ?????????????? ???????????? ???-?????????, ??????? ????????, ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????? .
26 ???????? 2023 ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ? ???????????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????: «???? ????????. ?? ??? ??????? ? ????.»
? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ? ??????????? ? 2009 ????, ????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ??? «????????????» ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? «??????????». ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????????, ?? ????? ????????????? .
???????????? ???????? 2016 ????
12 ?????? 2015 ???? ???????? ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? 2016 ???? ?? ??????????????? ?????? .
??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? , ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????, ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ? ??????? 30 ?????? 2015 ????. ????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ????-????????? ??? ?????? , ?? ? ??????? 2015 ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????. ? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????, ???-?????????? ????????? ?????? ?’????? .
???? ???? , ???????? ????? , ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ????????? ??-?? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ?’????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? (???-?????????? ?????? ????? 1 %).
?? ?????? ????????? , ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ? 28 ?????? (?????? 21 ? ????? ????????), ? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ? ?????? ???????? . 22 ???? 2016 ???? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ? ????-?????????? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? .
8 ?????? 2016 ???? ?????????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ????? , ?????? 306 ??????? ?????????? ?????? 232 ?? ??????? ??????? . ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? 19 ??????? 2016 ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? 304 ?????????? ?? ?????? ? 227 ?? ??????? . ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? 2,9 ????????? ??????? ???????????, ?????? 65,84 ????????? ?????? 62,98 ????????? .
12 ???????? 2017 ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? « ??? ????????? », ??????????? ?? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????.
? ????? 2019 ???? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????, ??? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ? 2020 ????.
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15 ??? 2017 ???? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????? ?????? , ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ? ??????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? .
2 ?????? 2020 ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ???? ?????? ????????-???????? ? ??????? ????, ??????????? ? 1845 ???? .
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- (????.) (?? 1996 ??? — « (????.) (» (26 ??????? 1997) .
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- ? (????.) — GPO , 1903.
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- (?????.) . www.edgewaterhistory.org . ???? ?????????: 27 ???? 2023. 18 ??????? 2017 ????.
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- Ward Harkavy. (????.) . Village Voice (23 ??? 2000). ???? ?????????: 7 ?????? 2016. 7 ?????? 2016 ????.
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- = ?????? «?????????» // ??? ????????? . 12 ???? 2010 ????.
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- Abrams J. Senate confirms 6 cabinet secretaries // ?? 3 ??????? 2009 ?? Wayback Machine . ??????????? ???????????? ? 20 ?? 21 ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? .
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- ? Kiersten Schmidt, Wilson Andrews. (?????.) . The New York Times (19 ??????? 2016). ???? ?????????: 24 ?????? 2017. 25 ?????? 2017 ????.
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- (?????.) . ????????? ?????? (23 ???????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2017. ???????????? ?? 5 ??????? 2017 ????.
- (?????.) . (????.) ((24 ???????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 1 ???????? 2018. 2 ???????? 2018 ????.
- (?????.) . ????????? ????? (17 ???? 2013). ???? ?????????: 31 ??????? 2018. 2 ???????? 2018 ????.
- (?????.) . ????????? ????? (25 ???????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2017. 25 ??????? 2017 ????.
- (?????.) . ????????? ?????? (16 ?????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2017. ???????????? 24 ??????? 2017 ????.
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- // ?????? — ?????. — ?. : ??????? ?????????? ????????????, 2009. — ?. 300. — ( ??????? ?????????? ???????????? : [? 35 ?.] / ??. ???. ?. ?. ?????? ; 2004—2017, ?. 14). — ISBN 978-5-85270-345-3 .
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- (????.)
- ?? 16 ???????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine
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- (??????????? ??????)
belle
- 2021-04-20
- 1
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