Interested Article - ExxonMobil

keira
  • 2021-02-01
  • 1

Exxon Mobil Corporation — ???????????? ????????, ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? , ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ($330 ???? ?? ??????? 2019 ????).

????-???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? , ???????? ??????? , ???? ????? . ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ???? ? ???, ?????????? ???? — ? ???, ?????????, ???? ? ??????.

???????

???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? 1999 ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? Exxon ? Mobil .

??? ???????? ???? ???????????? ???????? Standard Oil ????? ?????????? , ?????????? ? 1870 ???? . ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ? ???, ?? $35 ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????? ? 1878 ???? $33 ??? ??????????? ?? Standard Oil. ? 1882 ???? Standard Oil ???? ????????????? ? ????? ?? 30 ????????, ???????????????? 80 % ????????????????????? ??????? ? 90 % ????????????? ? ???, ? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (???????? ??????????????? ??????????, Exxon Mobil Corporation ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????????). ? 1888 ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????, (????? ??????? Esso Petroleum Company). ? 1890 ???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????? ???????, ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? Standard Oil, ? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ? 1911 ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ?????????? Standard Oil ?? 34 ??????????????? ????????, ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????????? Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (?????????? Jersey Standard). ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ????????? Standard Oil, ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????, ??????? ? 1919 ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? Humble Oil, ? ? 1920-? ???? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? , ? ?????? ??????? ????????? . ? 1928 ???? ? ???? ?????? Standard Oil ???????????? Creole Petroleum Corporation, ???????? ? 1940-? ????? ????? 450 ????? ???????? ????? ? ???? . ? 1927 ???? ???????? ?????????????? Jersey Standard ? ?????????? ????????? IG Farben , ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???????????? ???????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ? 1937 ???? .

? 1931 ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????, Standard Oil Company of New York (SOCONY) ? Vacuum Oil Company ???????????? ??? ????????? Socony-Vacuum Corporation. Vacuum Oil Company ???? ???????? ? 1866 ???? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????; ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? Standard Oil, ??????? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? Mobil. ? 1933 ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????-???????????????? Exxon ? Mobil, ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? Standard-Vacuum Oil Co., ??? ?????????? Stanvac, ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? .

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? 32 ??????? ? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ? ???? (??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????, ? ?????? ( ??. ), ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????), ??? ????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ????????. ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????, ??? ????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????, ? ????????? ? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ???????????? Standard Oil ????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? . ???? ??????? ? ??????????? ? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? 1920-? ?????, ?????? Turkish Petroleum Company (? ??????????????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ). ? 1946 ???? Jersey Standard ? Socony-Vacuum ????? ?????? (20 % ? 10 % ??????????????) ? ???????? Arabian American Oil Company (?????????-???????????? ???????? ????????, Aramco ); ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? Standard Oil Company (California) ? Texas Company, ????? ??????? Chevron ? Texaco . ? 1954 ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ????? . ? 1966 ????, ????? Socony-Vacuum Corporation ???? ????????????? ? Mobil Oil Corporation, 43 % ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? (? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ), ?????? ???????? ?????? $6,5 ????, ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????, ?????? ? ???????? .

? 1973 ???? ?????? ???? ?? 6 ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? , ?? ??????? ? ?????????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? Mobil ? 1973 ?? 1977 ???? ???????? (?? $32 ????), ??????? ? 1974 ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????; ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ? ????????? ???) ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ????????? Mobil ? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???, ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ??????. ?????? ? 1980-? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ? 1984 ???? Superior Oil Company (?? $5,7 ????); ??? ????????, ??????, ???? ?????????? ???????, ???, ? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????????? ?? Mobil ????????????? ???????? ????????. ? ???????? 1980-? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????????????????? ???????, ? 1988 ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ? 20 ?????? (????????? ???????????? ? 14 ??????-????????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????? Mobil, ?????? 88 ????????? ????????? ??????), ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?? 20 %. ????????????? ???? ? ?????? 1990-? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????: ??????????? ????????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ? 1970-? ?????, ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ????????? , ? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ????????: ??????? , ?????????? ?????? ? ????????-????????????? ??????? . ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????? 1990-? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ???, ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? . ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? 1990-? ????? ????? 30-?????????? ???? ? ????????????? ???-????? ? ????????? ?????? .

Jersey Standard ? 1972 ???? ??????? ???????? ?? Exxon. ???????? ??????? 1973 ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? (? $20 ???? ? 1972 ???? ?? $100 ???? ? 1980 ????), ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? 1981 ???? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????. ? 1986 ???? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????????: Exxon Company, International (??????????? ??? ???????? ???????), Exxon Company, U.S.A. (???) ? Imperial Oil Limited (??????). ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????, ?? ? 1989 ???? ???????? ??? Royal Dutch Shell , ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? «????? ??????» ? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ????????. ? 1990 ???? ????-???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????-?????? ? ???-????? ? ?????? (?????) .

??? ? ????? 1970-? ????? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ? ExxonMobil, ????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ?? ?????, ExxonMobil ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????: ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ??, ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? .

????????? ?????????? ?????? 1997 ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????, ? ???????-?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ? ???????? ?????? ??????, ? ? 1998 ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? $11 ?? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????????, ???? ????????? ????????. ??????? ? 1998 ???? Exxon ? Mobil ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? $73,7 ???? ? ? ???????????? ????? ???????? ExxonMobil Corporation, ?????????? ?? ???????. ??????? ???? ????????? 30 ?????? 1999 ????. ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? $2,8 ???? ? ???. ???????????? ???????? ????????? ( ????. ), ??????? ? 1993 ???? ??? ?????? Exxon .

????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ? 2006 ????, ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? , ?????????? ? ???????? Exxon ? 1975 ????. ?? ????? ? ???????? ? ????? 2016 ???? ? ????? ? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????? . ?? ????? ??? ????????? ExxonMobil ????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????, ???????? ????? Exxon ? Mobil ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? . ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???? XTO Energy ? 2010 ???? ?? $31 ???? . ? 2011 ???? ???????? ?????????????? ? ????????? « ???????? » ? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ? ? ??????. ? 2012 ???? ExxonMobil ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ( ???? ) . ? 2013 ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? Castle Peak (?? $3,4 ????) . ? 2014 ???? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ( ) ???????? ExxonMobil $1,6 ???? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ? 2007 ???? .

11 ??????? 2023 ???? ExxonMobil ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????, Pioneer Natural Resources , ? ?????? ?????????? $59,5 ???? .

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  • ( ????. ) — ???????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ? 2017 ???? .

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?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????? 2021 ???? — 18,536 ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? , ? ??? ????? ????? — 7,436 ???? ???????? (12,174 ???? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ? ????????????? ?????), ?????????? ???? — 1,081 ???? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ? 2021 ???? ?????????? 3,712 ??? ????????, ?? ??? ????? — 2,289 ??? ????????, ?????????? ???? — 241,7 ??? ??????????. ????????? ?????? 1 ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? 11 ????????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ???? — 4 ???????, ? ????????? — 5 ????????, ? ??? — 9 ????????, ? ?????? — 19 ????????, ? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? — 22 ???????, ? ?????? — 32 ??????? .

ExxonMobil ????? ???? ? 19 ??? ? 13 ??????? ????? ??????????????????? 4,57 ??? ???????? ? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? (2 ? ?????? , ?? ?????? ? ????????? , ???????? ? ??????? , 1,77 ??? ???????? ? ?????), 3 ? ?????? (428 ???. ???????? ? ?????), 8 ? ?????? (2 ?? ???????, ? ????? ? ???????, ??????????????, ???????????, ?????? ? ????????, 1,35 ??? ???????? ? ?????), 4 ? ???? (????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ? ???, 1,03 ??? ???????? ? ?????) .

???????? ?????????? ??????: ?????-??? (????????), ???-????, ??????, ??????-?????? ? ????-??????? (?????), ?????? (???????, 69,6 %), ????????? (???????), ???? (??????????????, 50 %), ????????? (???????), ??????? (???????), ????????? (??????????), ???-???????? ? ????-???-???? (?????????? ??????, ?? 50 %), ??????? (???, 25 %), ???????? , ?????? (???????, 66 %). ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????????? 11,9 ??? ???? ??????? , 11,2 ??? ???? ??????????? , 2,8 ??? ???? ????????????? , 4,1 ??? ???? .

????????? ???? ???????? 22,5 ???. ????????????, ?????????? ??? ???????? Exxon, Mobil ? Esso, ?? ??? 11,3 ???. ? ???, 2389 ? ??????, 6031 ? ??????, 1893 ? ????????-????????????? ???????, 489 ? ????????? ??????? ? 428 ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ????????????? ????????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? . ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? 2021 ???? ? ??????? 5,16 ??? ????????, ?? ??? 2,26 ??? ???????? ? ???.

???????? ????????????? :

  • ?????? ????? ? ???? — ??????? $21,8 ????, ?????? ??????? $15,8 ????;
  • ???????????????? ? ?????????? — ??????? $218 ????, ?????? ??????? $2,1 ????;
  • ?????????? ?????????????? — ??????? $36,8 ????, ?????? ??????? $7,8 ????;
  • ????????????? ????? ? ??????? — ?????? ?????? $2,6 ????.

?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ? 2021 ???? :

  • ??? — $104,2 ????;
  • ?????? — $22,2 ????;
  • ???????? — $15,0 ????;
  • ?????????????? — $14,8 ????;
  • ??????? — $13,2 ????;
  • ?????? — $10,1 ????;
  • ??????? — $9,2 ????;
  • ????????? — $7,6 ????.
?????????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ???
??? 1999… 2005… 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
?????? 181,8… 359,0… 370,1 467,0 451,5 420,8 367,6 239,9 200,6 237,2 279,3 255,6 178,6 276,7 398,7
?????? ??????? 7,910… 36,13… 30,46 41,06 44,88 32,58 32,52 16,15 7,84 19,71 20,84 14,34 -22,44 23,04 55,74
?????? 144,5… 208,3… 302,5 331,1 333,8 346,8 349,5 336,8 330,3 348,7 346,2 362,6 332,8 338,9 369,1
??????????? ??????? 63,47… 111,2… 146,8 154,4 165,9 174,0 174,4 170,8 167,3 187,7 191,8 191,7 157,2 168,6 195,0
???????????, ???. ???. 106,9… 83,7… 83,6 82,1 76,9 75,0 75,3 73,5 71,1 69,6 71,0 75 72 63

??????? ????????????

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? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????, ???-??????? , ???????? ?????? ? ?????? , ? ????? ? ???????????? ?????? , ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? 2,8 ????? ??². ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????????? , ???????? ???????? , ????? , ????? ? ????????.

???????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ??? ? 1898 ???? ???????? Imperial Oil , ???? ? ??????? ?????????? 69,6 %. ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ( ????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ).

? ????????? ??????? ExxonMobil ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ? ????????? , ???????? (??????? ??????) ? ?????? .

??????

? ??????????? ExxonMobil ? Royal Dutch Shell ???????? ?????????? ? ???????? Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V., ??????? ??????????? 60-?????????? ???? ? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? (40 % ? ????????????? ???????????), ??????? ? 2017 ???? ???? 21,6 ???? ?????????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ? ? ??????? Schoonebeek ? ???????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????. ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ? 2022 ????.

????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ? ???????? ???? ? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????????, ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? 9,3 ?????? ??².

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? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ??????????????? ????? ??????, ?????????????? ??????, ????????? ? ???????, ? ????? ?? ?????????? ????.

????

? ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ????????? (?????? Kedung Keris), ????? (???????? ????? ? ?????????), ???????? (?? ??????), ?????? (?????????? ??????????? ? Qatar Petroleum ), ???????? ? ??? (?????? Upper Zakum), ? ????? ? ???????? ????????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ? ??????????? (?????????? ????) ? ? ?????? (???????).

????????? ? ???????

?? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??? (??????????????? ? ???????? ??????? ).

????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?????-????? ?????? , ???? ????-?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ?? 6,9 ??? ???? ? ???.

ExxonMobil ? ??????

ExxonMobil ? 1996 ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? « ???????-1 » , ??????? 30 % ????? ???????; ??????????? ???????? «????????-1» Exxon Neftegas Ltd. ???????????? ? ExxonMobil. ? ?????? ??????? «???????-1» ?? ????????????? ?????? Exxon Neftegas ????????? ???????? ?? 12,345 ?????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? 2011 ???? .

? ?????? 2000-? ????? ExxonMobil ???? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????? « ???? » ? ???????????? ???? ? ???????????? ???????? «????-????????», ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ? ??????? ?? ??????????? «?????» ? « ???????? » ? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????????? ???????? «????» .

?????????????? ? «?????????»

???????? ????? , ???? ????????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????, 2012 ???

? ?????? 2011 ???? ExxonMobil ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? « ???????? » ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? . ?????????????? ????????, ?? ??????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? . ?????????, ??? ? ?????????? ???????? ????? 66,7 % ? ?????????? ???????????, ? ???????????? — 33,3 % .

???????, ??? ? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ??????????. «????????», ? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????????? BP , ????????? ? ExxonMobil ?????????? ? ?????????????? ???????????. ???????????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? «????????» ? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? (???????????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????-??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ????????) . ? ???? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ? ??????? ExxonMobil, ? ??? ????? ? ???????????? ?????? ? ?????? . ?????? ?????, ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ?????-?????????? .

?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? «?????????» ? ExxonMobil ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? .

??-?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ? «?????????». ? ???????? ??????? 2014 ???? ??? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ??????? .

???????

?????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???????? ??????? «????? ??????»

24 ????? 1989 ???? ???????? ?????? « ????? ?????? » ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ( ?????? ?????? ?????????? ). ? ?????????? ?????? ????? 10,8 ????????? ???????? ????? (????? 260 ???. ???????? ??? 40,9 ????????? ??????) ???????? ? ????, ????????? ???????? ????? ? 28 ????? ?????????? ??????????.
? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? 300 ????????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? , ? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ? 507,5 ??? ????????. ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? .

? 2003 ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ????????, ??? Exxon Mobil ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?, ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? $50 000 .

? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?? 18 ???????? 2003 ????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???-????? ???????, ??? ??. ?????? ???????, ?????? ???-???????? Mobil Oil, ?????????? ? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? $7 ???, «? ??? ????? $2 ??? ?? ??????? ? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? Mobil ? ??????????». ???????? ??????????, ???????? ? ???, ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ????????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ???, ? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? Mobil. ? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ??????? $25 000 ? ????? $3,5 ??? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? , ? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ????? .

??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? , ????-??????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????????, ???? ExxonMobil «-25» ??????, ?????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ????????, ??????? ???????????, ??????????? 1000 ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????, ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ????????????? ????????? ? «????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????-?????????? » .

? ???? 2012 ???? ? ???????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????? «?????? ???????: ExxonMobil ? ???????????? ??????» The Daily Telegraph ?????, ??? ????? ???????, ??? Exxon Mobil «???????????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ?????». ???? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ?????, ?? ExxonMobil ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????????? ?????? . ???? ???? ????????? ?? ????????, ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? 2005 ????, ??? «?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????, ??????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????» .

???????????????????

???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????-????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????????? .

?????????

Exxon Mobil Corporation ?? ?????? 2019 ???? ????????? 4,237 ???? ?????, ?? ????? ????????? ( ???????? ????????????? ) ?????????? $330 ????. ????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? 53,89 % ?????, ?????????? ?? ??? :

???????? ????????

???????? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?? ????? 2018 ????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????; ?????????? ? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ? ???????? ????? , ????? ??? ???? ???????, ????????? ? ?????????? ???????, ??????????; ???? ???? ?? ???????, ?? 100 % .

  • ??? :
    • ??????? : Ancon Insurance Company, Inc.
    • ??????? : Cross Timbers Energy, LLC (50 %); Ellora Energy Inc.; Exxon Chemical Arabia Inc.;Exxon International Finance Company; Exxon Luxembourg Holdings LLC; Exxon Mobile Bay Limited Partnership; Exxon Overseas Corporation; Exxon Overseas Investment Corporation; ExxonMobil Alaska Production Inc.; ExxonMobil Capital Finance Company; ExxonMobil Chemical Gulf Coast Investments LLC; ExxonMobil Delaware Holdings Inc.; ExxonMobil Development Company; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Malaysia Inc.; ExxonMobil General Finance Company; ExxonMobil Global Services Company; ExxonMobil Golden Pass Surety LLC; ExxonMobil Holding Company Holland LLC; ExxonMobil Kazakhstan Ventures Inc.; ExxonMobil Lubricants Trading Company; ExxonMobil Petroleum & Chemical Holdings Inc.; ExxonMobil Pipeline Company; ExxonMobil Production Norway Inc.; ExxonMobil Qatargas Inc.; ExxonMobil Rasgas Inc.; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company; ExxonMobil Sales and Supply LLC; ExxonMobil Technology Finance Company; ExxonMobil Ventures Finance Company; Golden Pass LNG Terminal Investments LLC; Golden Pass LNG Terminal LLC; Gulf Coast Growth Ventures LLC; Marine Well Containment Company LLC (10 %); Mobil California Exploration & Producing Asset Company; Mobil Caspian Pipeline Company; Mobil Chemical Products International Inc.; Mobil Corporation; Mobil Equatorial Guinea Inc.; Mobil International Petroleum Corporation; Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing Southeast Inc.; Mobil Producing Texas & New Mexico Inc.; Mobil Yanbu Petrochemical Company Inc.; Mobil Yanbu Refining Company Inc.; Mountain Gathering, LLC; Palmetto Transoceanic LLC; Permian Express Partners LLC (12,3 %); Phillips Exploration, LLC; SeaRiver Maritime, Inc.; Wolverine Pipe Line Company (53,39 %); XH, LLC; XTO Energy Inc.; XTO Holdings, LLC
    • ?????????? : Aera Energy LLC (48,2 %)
    • ???-???? : ExxonMobil Oil Corporation
    • ????? : Barnett Gathering, LLC; Trend Gathering & Treating, LLC; XTO Delaware Basin, LLC
  • ????????? : Esso Australia Resources Pty Ltd; ExxonMobil Australia Pty Ltd; Mobil Australia Resources Company Pty Limited; Mobil Exploration & Producing Australia Pty Ltd; Mobil Oil Australia Pty Ltd
  • ????????? ??????? : AKG Marketing Company Limited (87,5 %); Esso Exploration and Production Angola (Overseas) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc.; Esso Exploration and Production Guyana Limited; Esso Exploration Angola (Block 15) Limited; Esso Exploration Angola (Block 17) Limited; Esso Global Investments Ltd.; Exxon Azerbaijan Limited; Exxon Neftegas Limited; ExxonMobil Abu Dhabi Offshore Petroleum Company Limited; ExxonMobil Barzan Limited; ExxonMobil China Petroleum & Petrochemical Company Limited; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Romania Limited; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Tanzania Limited; ExxonMobil Iraq Limited; ExxonMobil Kazakhstan Inc.; ExxonMobil Qatargas (II) Limited; ExxonMobil Ras Laffan (III) Limited; ExxonMobil Ventures Funding Ltd.; Mobil Services (Bahamas) Limited; Mobil Venezolana De Petroleos Inc.; Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas Global Company LDC (33,2 %)
  • ??????? : ExxonMobil Petroleum & Chemical BVBA
  • ??????? : ExxonMobil Cepu Limited
  • ???????? : ExxonMobil Exploracao Brasil Ltda.
  • ?????????????? : Esso Exploration and Production UK Limited; Esso Petroleum Company, Limited; ExxonMobil Finance Company Limited; ExxonMobil Financial Investment Company Limited; ExxonMobil Gas Marketing Europe Limited; South Hook LNG Terminal Company Limited (24,15 %)
  • ???????? : BEB Erdgas und Erdoel GmbH & Co. KG (50 %); Esso Deutschland GmbH; Esso Erdgas Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH; ExxonMobil Central Europe Holding GmbH; ExxonMobil Production Deutschland GmbH; Mobil Erdgas Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH
  • ??????? : ExxonMobil Hong Kong Limited
  • ?????? : ExxonMobil Egypt (S.A.E.)
  • ?????? : Esso Italiana S.r.l.; ExxonMobil Italiana Gas S.r.l.; Infineum Italia s.r.I. (50 %); Mozambique Rovuma Venture, S.p.A. (35,7 %); Terminale GNL Adriatico S.r.l. (70,678 %)
  • ????????? : Tengizchevroil, LLP (25 %),; North Caspian Operating Company, B.V (16,8).;
  • ??????? : Cameroon Oil Transportation Company S.A. (41 %)
  • ?????? : Canada Imperial Oil Limited (69,6 %); ExxonMobil Canada Energy; ExxonMobil Canada Ltd.; ExxonMobil Canada Properties; ExxonMobil Canada Resources Company; Imperial Oil Limited (69,6 %); Imperial Oil Resources Limited (69,6 %); Imperial Oil Resources N.W.T. Limited (69,6 %); Imperial Oil/Petroliere Imperiale (69,6 %); XTO Energy Canada (84,8 %)
  • ????? : Barzan Gas Company Limited (7 %); Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (10 %); Qatar Liquefied Gas Company Limited (24,15 %); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (25 %); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (II) (30,517 %); Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (3) (30 %)
  • ????? : ExxonMobil (China) Investment Co., Ltd.; ExxonMobil (Taicang) Petroleum Co., Ltd.; ExxonMobil Chemical Services (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; Fujian Refining & Petrochemical Co. Ltd. (25 %)
  • ?????????? : ExxonMobil International Services SARL
  • ???????? : Coral FLNG, S.A. (25 %)
  • ??????? : Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria (Deepwater) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria (Offshore East) Limited; Esso Exploration and Production Nigeria Limited; Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited
  • ?????????? : Esso Nederland B.V.; ExxonMobil Capital Netherlands B.V.; ExxonMobil Chemical Holland B.V.; ExxonMobil Development Africa B.V.; ExxonMobil LNG Services B.V.; Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (50 %)
  • ????? ???????? : Mobil Oil New Zealand Limited
  • ???????? : Esso Norge AS; ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Norway AS; ExxonMobil Holding Norway AS; ExxonMobil Russia Kara Sea Holdings B.V.
  • ????? — ????? ?????? : ExxonMobil PNG Limited; SPI (208) Limited
  • ?????????? ?????? : Al-Jubail Petrochemical Company (50 %); Saudi Aramco Mobil Refinery Company Ltd. (50 %); Saudi Yanbu Petrochemical Co. (50 %)
  • ???????? : Ampolex (Cepu) Pte Ltd; ExxonMobil Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.; Infineum Singapore Pte. Ltd. (50 %)
  • ??????? : Esso (Thailand) Public Company Limited (66 %)
  • ??????? : Esso Raffinage (82,89 %); Esso Societe Anonyme Francaise (82,89 %); ExxonMobil Chemical France; ExxonMobil France Holding SAS
  • ??????/????????? Caspian Pipeline Consortium (7,5 %)

??????????

  1. ? (????.) . Reuters. ???? ?????????: 21 ??????? 2023. 8 ??? 2022 ????.
  2. ? (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (23 ??????? 2022). ???? ?????????: 8 ??? 2022. 18 ?????? 2022 ????.
  3. ? (????.) . Corporate Watch. ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2019. 30 ???????? 2020 ????.
  4. ? (????.) . Company-Histories.com . International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.67. St. James Press, 2005. ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2019. 11 ??????? 2019 ????.
  5. ? Eric V. Thompson. (????.) . University of Virginia. ???? ?????????: 7 ?????? 2019. 6 ??????? 2011 ????.
  6. G. Supran, S. Rahmstorf, N. Oreskes. (????.) // Science. — 2023-01-13. — Vol. 379 , iss. 6628 . — P. eabk0063 . — ISSN . — doi : . 18 ?????? 2023 ????.
  7. (???.) . Meduza . ???? ?????????: 18 ?????? 2023. 17 ?????? 2023 ????.
  8. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr. (?????.) . The New York Times (13 ??????? 2016). ???? ?????????: 13 ??????? 2016. 22 ?????? 2018 ????.
  9. Michael Erman. (????.) . Reuters (12 ???? 2008). ???? ?????????: 30 ???????? 2012. ???????????? ?? 1 ?????? 2012 ????.
  10. (????.) . NHST Media Group (25 ???? 2010). ???? ?????????: 27 ???? 2010. 12 ?????? 2012 ????.
  11. (????.) . The Wall Street Journal (27 ??????? 2012). ???? ?????????: 8 ????? 2012. 21 ???????? 2018 ????.
  12. Denny Thomas, Charlie Zhu. (????.) . Reuters (19 ?????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 3 ????? 2019. ???????????? ?? 15 ??????? 2015 ????.
  13. Alex Chamberlin. (????.) . Market Realist . Market Realist, Inc.. ???? ?????????: 14 ??????? 2014. 15 ??????? 2014 ????.
  14. (????.) . Reuters (11 ??????? 2023). ???? ?????????: 11 ??????? 2023.
  15. (????.) . Reuters . ???? ?????????: 22 ??????? 2019. 2 ????? 2019 ????.
  16. Exxon Mobil Corporation. (????.) (9 ?????? 2020). ???? ?????????: 18 ???? 2020. 18 ???? 2020 ????.
  17. (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (28 ?????? 2016). ???? ?????????: 28 ??????? 2019. 2 ????? 2019 ????.
  18. (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (28 ?????? 2016). ???? ?????????: 28 ??????? 2019. 2 ????? 2019 ????.
  19. (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (28 ?????? 2016). ???? ?????????: 28 ??????? 2019. 25 ???????? 2019 ????.
  20. (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (27 ??????? 2019). ???? ?????????: 28 ??????? 2019. 2 ????? 2019 ????.
  21. Agis Sapulkas. (????.) . The New York Times (11 ???? 1996). ???? ?????????: 2 ????? 2018. 3 ????? 2018 ????.
  22. (???.) , Lenta.ru (28 ?????? 2011). 30 ?????? 2011 ????. ???? ?????????: 1 ??????? 2011.
  23. ? ??????? ??????? . (???.) , Gazeta.ru (30 ??????? 2011). 20 ?????? 2011 ????. ???? ?????????: 2 ???????? 2011.
  24. ????? ??????? . (???.) , ????????? (28 ?????? 2011). 28 ?????? 2011 ????. ???? ?????????: 28 ?????? 2011.
  25. ??????? ????? . (???.) , rbcdaily.ru (2 ???????? 2011). 31 ??? 2012 ????. ???? ?????????: 2 ???????? 2011.
  26. (???.) . Expert.ru (30 ??????? 2011). ???? ?????????: 2 ???????? 2011. ???????????? ?? 31 ??? 2012 ????.
  27. (???.) , wwf.ru. 31 ??? 2012 ????. ???? ?????????: 2 ???????? 2011.
  28. ?????? ????????? . (???.) , ?????? « ??????????? », ?175 (29 ???????? 2014). 29 ???????? 2014 ????. ???? ?????????: 29 ???????? 2014.
  29. (?????.) . ???? ?????????: 9 ???????? 2009. 4 ???? 2021 ????.
  30. (?????.) . ???? ?????????: 9 ???????? 2009. 25 ?????? 2009 ????.
  31. (????.) . ???????????? ?? 22 ??????? 2007 ????.
  32. Laurie Ure . (????.) , CNN (14 April 2003). 28 ????? 2014 ????. ???? ?????????: 27 ????? 2014.
  33. Williams, J. Bryansentencing. (????.) (PDF). ???? ?????????: 27 ????? 2014. ???????????? ?? 24 ??????? 2014 ????.
  34. Ben Werschkul, Erica Berenstein, Channon Hodge, Pedro Rafael Rosado, and Marcus Mabry. (????.) . The New York Times. ???? ?????????: 28 ????? 2014. 9 ????? 2014 ????.
  35. Ian Thompson . (????.) (30 July 2012). 27 ??????? 2013 ????. ???? ?????????: 29 ????? 2014.
  36. «The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) …. the AEI received $1,6 million in funding from ExxonMobil. …» ?? 27 ?????? 2007 ?? Wayback Machine ?? 4 ?????? 2007 ?? Wayback Machine ?? 15 ??????? 2018 ?? Wayback Machine
  37. (????.) . nasdaq.com. ???? ?????????: 24 ??????? 2019. 10 ??????? 2018 ????.
  38. (????.) . Exxon Mobil Corporation (27 ??????? 2019). ???? ?????????: 28 ??????? 2019. 23 ???????? 2021 ????.

??????

keira
  • 2021-02-01
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