Interested Article - Медаль Генри Дрейпера

Медаль Генри Дрейпера ( англ. Henry Draper Medal ) — награда, вручаемая Национальной академией наук США за достижения в области астрофизики . Названа в честь американского астронома Генри Дрейпера , создана за счёт средств фонда, основанного вдовой Дрейпера. Медаль вручается гражданам различных стран ( США , Великобритания , Германия , Франция , Нидерланды и др.).

Лауреаты

Год	Лауреат	Обоснование награды
1886	Самуэль Пирпонт Лэнгли	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For numerous investigations of a high order of merit in solar physics, and especially in the domain of radiant energy.»
1888	Эдуард Чарлз Пикеринг	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his work in stellar photometry, stellar photography, and stellar spectrum photography.»
1890	Генри Аугустус Роуланд	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches on the solar spectrum, as well as for his investigations in astronomical physics.»
1893	Герман Карл Фогель	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For spectroscopic observations upon the motion of stars in the line of sight, and other kindred researches.»
1899	Джеймс Эдуард Килер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches in spectroscopic astronomy.»
1901	Уильям Хаггинс	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his investigations in astronomical physics.»
1904	Джордж Эллери Хейл	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For investigations of solar phenomena, studies of stellar spectra, editing the Astrophysical Journal, and the direction of the Yerkes Observatory.»
1906	Уильям Уоллес Кэмпбелл	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his observations and researches relating to the motions of stars in the line of sight, his improvements in the methods of measuring such motions, his discussions of conclusions to be drawn from them, and the organization of work in this field in the southern hemisphere.»
1910	Чарлз Грили Аббот	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches on the infrared region of the solar spectrum and his accurate measurements, by improved devices, of the solar "constant" of radiation.»
1913	Анри Александр Деландр	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches in solar and stellar physics.»
1915	Джоуэл Стеббинс	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his work on application of the selenium cell to stellar photometry.»
1916	Альберт Абрахам Майкельсон	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his numerous and important contributions to spectroscopy and astronomical physics.»
1918	Уолтер Сидни Адамс	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For discovering and developing a method of determining the distances of the stars by means of a spectrograph.»
1919	Шарль Фабри	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his researches in physics and astronomy, chiefly by means of interferometers.»
1920	Альфред Фаулер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches in celestial and laboratory spectroscopy, which have led to a valuable increase of our knowledge of sun spots, comets, and the stars--especially of red stars of Secchi's Type III.»
1921	Питер Зееман	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his discovery of the so-called Zeeman effect and for its application on magneto-optics.»
1922	Генри Норрис Рассел	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his remarkably valuable contributions to knowledge of the order of stellar evolution.»
1924	Артур Стэнли Эддингтон	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contribution to knowledge of physical conditions existing within the stars, and for his constructive interpretation of the Einstein theory of the relativity as applied to astronomical problems.»
1926	Харлоу Шепли	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to astronomical science.»
1928	Уильям Хэммонд Райт	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his researches on nebulae, new stars, and planetary atmospheres.»
1931	Энни Джамп Кэннон	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of her astronomical work, in particular for cataloging the spectra of stars.»
1932	Весто Мелвин Слайфер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his spectroscopic researches.»
1934	Джон Стэнли Пласкетт	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his able and consistent labors in stellar radial velocities, and related studies energetically pursued for nearly 30 years.»
1936		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his fruitful investigations in photographic process which have given emulsions sensitive to red and infrared of the spectrum and made possible great advance in knowledge of this highly important region of the radiant energy of stars.»
1940	Роберт Уильямс Вуд	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics, more especially his pioneering work upon resonance spectra, his use of color filters in astronomical photography, and his development of methods for concentrating to a high degree the light from diffraction gratings in desired orders and regions of the spectrum.»
1942	Айра Спрейг Боуэн	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics, more especially his researches on the spectra and chemical composition of gaseous nebulae.»
1945	Пол Уиллард Меррилл	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his many important contributions to astronomical physics, in particular those relating to his researches in stellar spectroscopy.»
1947	Ханс Альбрехт Бете	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his contributions to astronomical physics, more particularly his researches on the generation of energy in the sun and stars.»
1949	Отто Струве	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to astronomical physics.»
1951	Бернар Лио	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contributions to solar physics. The coronograph, invented by Lyot, has made possible continuous observation of the inner corona on all clear days at any suitable location.»
1955	Хендрик Кристофель ван де Хюлст
1957	Хорас Бэбкок	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his original and outstanding work leading to the discovery of magnetic fields in stars and also the general magnetic field of the sun.»
1960	Мартин Шварцшильд	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his book Structure and Evolution of the Stars and two papers, "On the Maximum Mass of Stable Stars" and "Evolution of very Massive Stars," which are outstanding contributions in the field of stellar evolution.»
1963	Ричард Таузи	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his achievements in solar spectroscopy.»
1965	Мартин Райл	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For the development of a novel radio-telescopic equipment which made it possible to determine accurately positions of the numerous weak radio sources in the sky.»
1968		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «In recognition of his fruitful researches in astronomical physics, and particularly for his part in the discovery and proof of extremely high temperatures in the sun's corona.»
1971	Субраманьян Чандрасекар	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his leadership in, and major contributions to, the field of astrophysics.»
1974	Лайман Спитцер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his vision and distinguished achievements in space astronomy and for his many outstanding contributions to the physics of the plasmas on earth and in the interstellar medium.»
1977	Арно Аллан Пензиас	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their discovery of the cosmic microwave radiation (a remnant of the very early universe), and their leading role in the discovery of interstellar molecules.»
1977	Роберт Вудро Вильсон
1980	Уильям Уилсон Морган	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering researches in spectral classification, leading to a new standard of accuracy in our knowledge of the distances of the stars and the structure of our galaxy.»
1985	Джозеф Тейлор	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering studies of pulsars, including the fundamental measurements of orbit perturbations by gravitational radiation and other general relativistic effects.»
1989		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For the first three-dimensional view of some of the remarkable large-scale filamentary structures of our visible universe.»
1989
1993	Ральф Ашер Алфер	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their insight and skill in developing a physical model of the evolution of the universe and in predicting the existence of a microwave background radiation years before this radiation was serendipitously discovered; through this work they were participants in one of the major intellectual achievements of the twentieth century.»
1993
1997		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his epochal contributions toward understanding gamma-ray bursts, the evolution of binary stars, and especially the gravitational lensing and microlensing of light from distant objects.»
2001		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their pioneering investigations of planets orbiting other stars via high-precision radial velocities. They have proved that many other planetary systems exist in the universe.»
2001	Джеффри Марси
2005	Чарльз Беннетт	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his contribution to the precise determination of the age, composition, and curvature of the universe through his leadership of NASA's WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) cosmic microwave background mission.»
2009		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his pioneering contributions to gamma ray astronomy. His leadership of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory and the Swift Mission has led to new insights into the extreme physics of active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts.»
2013	Уильям Бораки	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For his founding concept, unflagging advocacy, and visionary leadership during the development of NASA's Kepler mission, which has uncovered myriad planets and solar systems with unforeseen and surprising properties.»
2017	Барри Бэриш	Оригинальный текст (англ.) «for their visionary and pivotal leadership roles, scientific guidance, and novel instrument design during the development of LIGO that were crucial for LIGO's discovery of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, thus directly validating Einstein's 100-year-old prediction of gravitational waves and ushering a new field of gravitational wave astronomy.»
2017
2021		Оригинальный текст (англ.) «For their vision and their leadership within the EHT collaboration, embracing theory, instrumentation, observation and analysis in combining radio telescopes around the world to image the shadow of the supermassive black hole in the nearby galaxy M87 , thereby validating Einstein’s general theory of relativity.»
2021