Interested Article - Иранцы

Ира́нцы или жители Ирана (ед. число ира́нец или ира́нка ; на персидском языке звучит как и́рони ) — граждане современного государства Иран (Исламской Республики Иран), независимо от их национальности , религии или происхождения. Живут также в других странах Европы и Америки .

Большинство иранцев — персы (по разным оценкам от 36 % до 61 % ).

Вторая по численности этническая группа — азербайджанцы (по разным оценкам от 16 % до 40 % ), проживающие главным образом на северо-западе страны, в так называемом Иранском Азербайджане ( Западный Азербайджан , Восточный Азербайджан , Зенджан , Казвин , Хамадан , Ардебиль ). Азербайджанцы являются крупнейшим национальным меньшинством, не принадлежащим к иранской языковой семье , говорят на азербайджанском языке принадлежащим к тюркской языковой семье . Некоторые (напр., Ф. У. Алекперли) этнографы склонны разделять северную и южную часть азербайджанского этноса, поскольку иранские азербайджанцы подверглись гораздо более серьёзному влиянию ираноязычных народов, чем проживающие в Республике Азербайджан .

Курды составляют около 5 % -10 % населения Ирана. Они проживают на западе страны, в провинциях Курдистан , Западный Азербайджан , Керманшах , Илам .

На севере Ирана, вдоль берегов Каспийского моря проживают талыши , гилянцы и мазендеранцы (около 7 % ).

На северо-востоке представлены туркмены (большинство в остане Голестан ), небольшими группами проживают тюркские племена (карайи, карагозлу, таймурташ) и этнические группы чараймаков .

Белуджи занимают юго-восточную часть страны (остан Систан и Белуджистан ). Отдельные их группы проживают в Хорасане и Кермане и западном Мекране.

На юге-западе проживают луры и бахтиары . Арабы также населяют юго-западную часть страны, в основном провинцию Хузестан , а также расселены на побережье Персидского залива.

Культура

Литература

Персидская литература считается одной из великих литератур человечества . Корни персидской литературы в сохранившихся до наших дней произведениях, написанных на среднеперсидском и древнеперсидском. Произведения, написанные на древнеперсидском , датируются 522 г. до н. э. (год, которым датируется бехистунская надпись — наиболее ранняя сохранившаяся надпись Ахеменидского периода). Основная часть произведений персидской литературы, которые сохранились до наших дней, были созданы в период, следующий за исламским завоеванием Персии около 650 г. н. э. После прихода к власти Аббасидов в 750 г. персы стали писцами и бюрократами Исламской империи и в большей мере писателями и поэтами. Новая персидская литература возникла и расцвела в Хорасане и Трансоксиане , так как по политическим причинам такие иранские династии, как Тахириды и Саманиды , находились в Хорасане .

Персы писали как на персидском , так и на арабском языках , однако персидский доминировал в литературных кругах более позднего времени. Персидские поэты, такие как Фирдоуси , Саади , Хафиз Ширази , Низами , Джами , Руми и Омар Хайям , хорошо известны во всем мире и оказали влияние на литературу многих стран.

Примечания

от 23 февраля 2009 на Wayback Machine или (недоступная ссылка) или от 14 февраля 2013 на Wayback Machine
↑ Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA )-The World Factbook: от 3 февраля 2012 на Wayback Machine :…Ethnic groups:Persian 61 %, Azeri 16 %, Kurd 10 %, Lur 6 %, Baloch 2 %, Arab 2 %, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2 %, other 1 % (2008 est.)…Population:78,868,711 (July 2012 est.)…Languages:Persian (official) 53 %, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18 %, Kurdish 10 %, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7 %, Luri 6 %, Balochi 2 %, Arabic 2 %, other 2 % (2008 est.)…Religions:Muslim (official) 98 % (Shia 89 %, Sunni 9 %), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha’i) 2 %.
Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation : Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): от 1 октября 2015 на Wayback Machine :..South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zenjan, Hamadan Ostans (provinces) and adjacent areas of Astara, Qazvin and other territories. The size of these territories is estimated at approximately 170.000 square kilometers (the territory of North Azerbaijan is half this— i.e., 86,600 sq. km). Turks dominate the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran — making up more than 90 % of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. Official statistics do not state the national composition of Iran. According to our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40 % of the population of Iran. This is 75 % of all the Azerbaijani Turks in the world.
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization ( UNPO ): от 26 июля 2013 на Wayback Machine :…The members of the population in Iran (all population in 66 million) of Azerbaijani descent is estimated to be around 30 million .Many immigrants from the Southern Azerbaijani territory have moved to other parts of Iran such as Teheran. At present, nearly 8 million Southern Azerbaijanis live outside Southern Azerbaijan, where more than a million of them are political immigrants, living in Europe and America. A million of them live in southern Iran while 6 million live in the city of Tehran . In Iran Azerbaijani Turkish is spoken by 25-30 % of the population (15-20 million people). It is a Turkic language that is similar to the language spoke by the Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen, and distinct from the Iranian state language, Farsi.
. Дата обращения: 17 октября 2022. 5 августа 2019 года.
Volume 2. Dabbagh — Kuwait University. — Iran, page 1111—1112. // Encyclopedia of Modern Middle East & North Africa. Second Edition. Volume 1 — 4. Editor in Chief: Philip Mattar. Associate Editors: Charles E. Butterworth, Neil Caplan, Michael R. Fischbach, Eric Hooglund, Laurie King-Irani, John Ruedy. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2004, 2936 pages. ISBN 9780028657691

Оригинальный текст (англ.)

With an estimated population of 67 million in 2004, Iran is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East. ... Iran’s second largest ethnolinguistic minority, the Kurds, make up an estimated 5 percent of the country’s population and reside in the provinces of Kerman and Kurdistan as well as in parts of West Azerbaijan and Ilam. Kurds in Iran are divided along religious lines as Sunni, Shi'ite, or Ahl-e Haqq.
от 20 мая 2012 на Wayback Machine :…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51 % of Iran’s population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran’s largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7 % of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran’s other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2 % of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.
. Дата обращения: 17 октября 2022. 21 января 2013 года.
Arthur John Arberry. . — Clarendon Press, 1953. — С. . — ISBN 0-19-821905-9 .
Frye, R. N. The Encyclopaedia of Islam - "Darī" (CD version). — Brill Publications.

[1] от 23 февраля 2009 на Wayback Machine или (недоступная ссылка) или от 14 февраля 2013 на Wayback Machine

[Iran_population-2] Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA )-The World Factbook: от 3 февраля 2012 на Wayback Machine :…Ethnic groups:Persian 61 %, Azeri 16 %, Kurd 10 %, Lur 6 %, Baloch 2 %, Arab 2 %, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2 %, other 1 % (2008 est.)…Population:78,868,711 (July 2012 est.)…Languages:Persian (official) 53 %, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18 %, Kurdish 10 %, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7 %, Luri 6 %, Balochi 2 %, Arabic 2 %, other 2 % (2008 est.)…Religions:Muslim (official) 98 % (Shia 89 %, Sunni 9 %), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha’i) 2 %.

[Azerbaijan-_Iran_Relations:_Challenges_and_Prospects_(Event_Summary)-3] Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation : Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): от 1 октября 2015 на Wayback Machine :..South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zenjan, Hamadan Ostans (provinces) and adjacent areas of Astara, Qazvin and other territories. The size of these territories is estimated at approximately 170.000 square kilometers (the territory of North Azerbaijan is half this— i.e., 86,600 sq. km). Turks dominate the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran — making up more than 90 % of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. Official statistics do not state the national composition of Iran. According to our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40 % of the population of Iran. This is 75 % of all the Azerbaijani Turks in the world.

[Southern_Azerbaijan-4] Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization ( UNPO ): от 26 июля 2013 на Wayback Machine :…The members of the population in Iran (all population in 66 million) of Azerbaijani descent is estimated to be around 30 million .Many immigrants from the Southern Azerbaijani territory have moved to other parts of Iran such as Teheran. At present, nearly 8 million Southern Azerbaijanis live outside Southern Azerbaijan, where more than a million of them are political immigrants, living in Europe and America. A million of them live in southern Iran while 6 million live in the city of Tehran . In Iran Azerbaijani Turkish is spoken by 25-30 % of the population (15-20 million people). It is a Turkic language that is similar to the language spoke by the Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen, and distinct from the Iranian state language, Farsi.

[5] . Дата обращения: 17 октября 2022. 5 августа 2019 года.

[6] Volume 2. Dabbagh — Kuwait University. — Iran, page 1111—1112. // Encyclopedia of Modern Middle East & North Africa. Second Edition. Volume 1 — 4. Editor in Chief: Philip Mattar. Associate Editors: Charles E. Butterworth, Neil Caplan, Michael R. Fischbach, Eric Hooglund, Laurie King-Irani, John Ruedy. Farmington Hills: Gale, 2004, 2936 pages. ISBN 9780028657691

Оригинальный текст (англ.)

With an estimated population of 67 million in 2004, Iran is one of the most populous countries in the Middle East. ... Iran’s second largest ethnolinguistic minority, the Kurds, make up an estimated 5 percent of the country’s population and reside in the provinces of Kerman and Kurdistan as well as in parts of West Azerbaijan and Ilam. Kurds in Iran are divided along religious lines as Sunni, Shi'ite, or Ahl-e Haqq.

[7] от 20 мая 2012 на Wayback Machine :…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51 % of Iran’s population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran’s largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7 % of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran’s other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2 % of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.

[8] . Дата обращения: 17 октября 2022. 21 января 2013 года.

[9] Arthur John Arberry. . — Clarendon Press, 1953. — С. . — ISBN 0-19-821905-9 .

[10] Frye, R. N. The Encyclopaedia of Islam - "Darī" (CD version). — Brill Publications.

Interested Article - Иранцы

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