Северная Осетия
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Interested Article - Южная Осетия
melania
- 2020-06-14
- 1
??????????? ?????? ??????? ( ????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? / Respublikæ Xussar Iryston [res?publikæ ??us:ar i?r?ston] , ????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? [?s?m?r?t? ??s?t??s r?s?p?ubl?k??] ), ??? ???????????? ??????? ( ????. ????????? ????? / Paddzaxad Alani ) , ?? ???????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??? — ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? . ?? ????? ?????? ? ???? . ?????? ? ????????????-???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????: ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? — ??????? ??? ( ?????? , ????????? , ????????? , ????? , ????? ) ? ???????? ????????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? .
???????? ???????????????-???????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????-?????? , ??????-???????? , ??????? ? ????-??????? ? ?????? ???????? . ? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??? « ?????? ???-?????????? ?????????? ??????? », ? ???? ?????? ?????????? — ??? « ???????????? ?????? ». ???????? ????????? 10 ??? 2007 ???? ?????? «? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ??? ?????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???-?????????? ?????????? ???????» ?? ?????????? ?????? ????, ?????????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ???????.
? 1922 — 1990 ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? . ????????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????????????-??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ?? 4 ??????: ???????????? , ???????????? , ????????? ? ???????? . ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????????? ????????: ??????????? , ????????? , ???????? , ?????????? , ?????? ? ?????????? . ????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????????, ????????????? ? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? .
????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? , ????? , ????????? , ?????? ? ????? .
?????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??????????, ?????????????? ??????? .
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?????????? ???????, ? ????? — ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? «????? ??????», ?????? ? ????????? «?????? ??????», «???????? ?????? ????? ??????», «????? ???????» ? ??? ?????, ????? ?????????????? ? ?????? XIX ???? . ??????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ?????? ???????-????????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? 26 ????? 1802 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????, ?????????? ?????????, ???????? «???????», ? ?????????? ? ????????? ????, ?????????? ?????????, «???????» .
????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????????, ? ? ????? ?? ???????????? ? ??? ?? 1802 ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? «???????» . ? 1830 ???? ??? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????????????? ????: «????? ??????» ? «???????? ??????». ???, ? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ???????????? ? ?????? «?????????? ?????????», «????? ???????» ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????, ????? ? ??????? .
?????????????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ? ??????? ???????-???????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????-????????? ?????????? , ????????? 24 ??? 1830 ????, ??? ? ????????????????? «??????? ????? ??????» ??? «??????? ??????» ??????????? «?????? ????? ??????» ??? «????? ??????», ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? .
????????????? ???????? «????? ??????» ? ??????????? ???????????????-???????????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ????????? ? 1922 ???? , ????? ???? ?????????? ???-?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???.
? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? «???????????? ??????», ???????????????, ? ?????????, ?? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ; ???????????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? « ????????? » (?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????) ????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????.
? ????? 2015 ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????, ????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? «????? ??????-??????» ?? ???????? ? ?????????? ????????. ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????, ?? ??? ??????????? .
?? ??????????? 9 ?????? 2017 ???? ??????????? ?????????, 78 % ?? ??????????????? ? ???, ?????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????????, ????????????? ???????? «?????????? ????? ??????» ? «??????????? ??????» ( ????. ????????? ????? ). ???????? ???????????????? ?????? «? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????», ??? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ???, ???????? ???????????????? ? ?? ????????? ? ?????????????? ??????????? .
??????-?????????????? ??????????????
????? 89,3 % ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? 1000 ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????. ?????? ??????.
?????? ????? ?????????? — ???? ?????? , 3938 ?.
??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????, ??? ? ??????? ?? ??????? : ??????? ??????????? ?????? +4,5?°C, ???? — +20,3?°C .
????????????? ?????????? ??????? 598 ?? .
?????????? ????? ?????????? — ???????? , ???? , ? ????? .
?????????? ???? ????? ?????? — ??????? ?????? , ????? , ????? ?????? .
????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? — ???? ??????? , ????? ???????? — ????? .
??????? ??? ?????????? 3900 ??².
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- 42°44?46? ?. ?. 43°47?37? ?. ?. — ????????
- 42°01?18? ?. ?. 44°19?20? ?. ?. — ?????
- 42°21?16? ?. ?. 43°35?40? ?. ?. — ????????
- 42°12?02? ?. ?. 44°37?33? ?. ?. — ?????????
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18 ????? 2015 ????
18 ????? 2015 ????
????????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????? 2008 ???? . ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????? , ????????? ? ????? (16.12.2009) . ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? .
? 2009 ???? ? ????? ?????? ????????????? 4-? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? 4000 ???????.
??????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? 31 ?????? 2012 ???? ???????? ???????? ? ???, ??? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? , ????? ? ?????? , ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? — ????? ?????? ? ??????? , ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? «? ????? ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?? ?????????». ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????-?????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ????? ???? .
? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??? ????????? ???? — ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ???????? .
28 ?????? 2015 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? . ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? 18 ???? 2014
????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????????? .
18 ????? 2015 ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ? ?????????? .
29 ??? 2018 ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? .
31 ????? 2022 ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????, ? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? . ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? . 13 ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ?? 17 ???? 2022 ???? .
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- — ???????? (????????) ????? , ???????????????? ????? — ???? (?????)
- — ????????? ????? , ???????????????? ????? — ????? (??????)
- — ???????????? ????? , ???????????????? ????? — ???????? (?????????)
- — ???????????? ????? , ???????????????? ????? — ???????
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- — ????? ??????
? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? — ??????? ? ?????? . ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? — ????, ????? ? ????????. ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? .
?????? ??????? ?? 41 ???????? ????????????? (???????????), ? ??? ????? ? ???????????? ?????? —?15, ???????? —?12, ???????????? —?8, ????????? —?6 ???????? ????????????? (???????????) .
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? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? 2015 ???? ??????????? 335 ?????????? ??????? :
- 2 ??????: ??????? (????????? 30432 ???.) ? ?????? (985 ???.)
- 3 ??????? ?????????? ????: ???????? (1033 ???.), ???? (2111 ???.), ????? (451 ???.)
- 330 ???????? ?????????? ???????.
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???????????
?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? 1989 ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? 98 527 ???????, ? ??? ????? 42 333 ??????? ? ???????? .
? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? 2008 ???? ????????? ????? 83 ?????? ??????? . ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ????? ?????????-?????????? ????? 2008 ???? ??? ??????? 20 ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? . ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? 50 ????? ??????? ? 2009 ???? .
?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? «?????» ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ????????, ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????, ? 2009 ???? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ?? 26 ?? 32 ????? ???????, ?? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ????? 17 ???. ??????? .
?? ?????? «??????????? ??????» 2012 ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? 51 572 ????????, ?? ??????? ? ???????? — 28 664 ????????. ??????? ????????? 89,1 % ??????? ??????????, ??????? — 8,9 %, ??????? — 1 %, ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? — 1 %. ?? ?????? «??????????? ??????» 2013 ???? ? ?????????? ????????? 51 547 ??????? .
? 15 ?? 30 ??????? 2015 ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ????? 53 ?????? ??????? (? ??? ????? ????? 30 ????? ? ???????? ? ????? 7 ????? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????) . ?? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ????????? 53 532 ????????, ? ??? ????? 30 432 ???????? ? ???????? .
????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????
| 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 87 375 | ? 106 118 | ? 96 807 | ? 99 421 | ? 97 378 | ? 99 102 | ? 83 000 |
| 2009 | 2012 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| ? 50 000 | ? 50 644 | ? 53 532 | ? 54 485 | ? 55 521 | ? 56 450 | ? 57 095 |
| 2021 | ||||||
| ? 56 405 |
25 000
50 000
75 000
100 000
125 000
150 000
1979
2015
2021
???????????? ??????
????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? (? ???????? ??????? , ? ????? ????? ? ?????? ), ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? (?? ??????? 2008 ?.) ???? ?????????? ???? ? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? 1990-? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????????, ? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? . ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? 2008 ???? , ???????????? ? ?????? .
?? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? (? 2015 ???? — 89,9 %) .
???????????? ?????? (???.) ????? ?????? ? 1926—2015 ????? :
| 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2012 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??????? | 60 351 (69,1 %) | 72 266 (68,1 %) | 63 698 (65,8 %) | 66 073 (66,5 %) | 65 077 (66,4 %) | 65 233 (66,2 %) | 46 000 (89,1 %) | 48 146 (89,9 %) |
| ??????? | 23 538 (26,9 %) | 27 525 (25,9 %) | 26 584 (27,5 %) | 28 125 (28,3 %) | 28 187 (28,8 %) | 28 544 (28,9 %) | 4600 (8,9 %) | 3966 (7,4 %) |
| ??????? | 157 (0,2 %) | 2111 (2,0 %) | 2380 (2,5 %) | 1574 (1,6 %) | 2046 (2,1 %) | 2128 (2,1 %) | 500 (1,0 %) | 610 (1,1 %) |
| ?????? | 1374 (1,6 %) | 1537 (1,4 %) | 1555 (1,6 %) | 1254 (1,3 %) | 953 (1,0 %) | 984 (1,0 %) | 378 (0,7 %) | |
| ????? | 1739 (2,0 %) | 1979 (1,9 %) | 1723 (1,8 %) | 1485 (1,5 %) | 654 (0,7 %) | 397 (0,4 %) | ||
| ?????? | 216 (0,2 %) | 700 (0,7 %) | 867 (0,9 %) | 910 (0,9 %) | 1071 (1,1 %) | 1242 (1,2 %) | 500 (1,0 %) | 432 (0,8 %) |
| ????? | 87 375 | 106 118 | 96 807 | 99 421 | 97 988 | 98 527 | 51 600 | 53 532 |
?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????? 2008 ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? 15 ????? ?????????? ?????? (????? 80 % ??????????? ?????????) ? 34 ?????? ?????? (????? 70 % ??????????? ?????????).
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?????????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????. ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? (? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????) .
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?????????? ???? — ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????. ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????? « ???????? ».
?????????? ???? ??????????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? , ? ?????? ????? ??? ????????: , ? .
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??????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ? ??????????. ?? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????, ??????? ?????? « » ? « ». ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????.
13 ?????? 2011 ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????????????. «??» ????????????? 83,99 % ??????????? [ ?????????????? ???????? ] .
5 ?????? 2012 ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? «? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????» . 6 ???? 2012 ???? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????? . ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ??????.
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? ?????????? ????? ? 2008 ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? (????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ).
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? ?????????? ???????-??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? — ????????, ????- ? ????????????????, ? 16-18 ???? ?????? .
???????, ???????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ???? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?????? .
- 23 ???????? 2008 ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????????????? , ? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? 10 ?????????? ??????; ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ???, ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? .
???????? ??????????, ???????????? ? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ( ?????? , ????? ? ????? ), ? ????? ??????????? ???? « ??????? » ? « ????-???? », ??????? ????? ????? ??????? 2008 ???? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????? (??????? ???????) ? ? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????.
???????????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ????? . ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????, ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????: ?????????? ?????, ????, ??????? ???. ? 2013 ???? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? — ?????? ( ????. «?????» ) . ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? .
?????????? ???????????: ????? «???????????», ????? ???????????? ???????, ????? «???????????», ????????????, ??????? ??????? ??? 4, ???????????? ????? «??????», ?????????? ????????, ??????????? ????? «?????? ??????», ???????????????????? ???????? «???????», ?????????? ????? [ ???????? ?? ?????? 735 ???? ] .
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?????????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? 2008 ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????????. ? ?????? 2009 ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??? ??????????? . ???????? ????????????? 25 ?????? 2009 ???? , ????????? ???? ????????? 645 ???? ($450) ?? ?????? ?????????? . ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????, ???????? ? ??????????? ????????? ?? 8 % ?? ???????????? .
26 ??????? 2009 ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? — ??????? . ?? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? .
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???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? , ???????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ???? , ?????? , ? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????????? ??????.
??????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????, ?????????????? 12 ??, ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????. ?? ????????? ?? ???? 2009 ???? ???????? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ????, ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? .
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????????????????? ?????, ? 1984 ?? 1991 ????, ? ??????? ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ??-?? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ??????????? ???.
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???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ? ???????????? ??????????? ; ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? 8 ???? 1940 ????. ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????-??????????? ????????? ? ?????? 1990-? ????? . ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????????.
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?? ????????? ?? 2009 ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? . ????????? ???????????.
?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? [ ?????? ] ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??-25.
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- 120 ??????? ??????????????????? ????, ????????????? ? ??????????????,
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- ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ? 1 ??. ?????? ???????,
- ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ? 2 ??. ???????,
- ???????????? ??????? ??????????? (? ????????? ?????) «?????????»,
- ???????????? ??????????????? ???????,
- ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ??. ??????? ???????? (??????????? ?????????, ????????????????, ?????????),
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- ???-?????????? ??????-????????????????? ???????? ??. ?. ?. ??????? ,
??????????? ????
???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? 23 ??????? 1992 ???? . ? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? :
- 15 ?????? — ?-55 , ?-62 , ?-72 , ? ???????? ????? ?-55 ;
- 25 ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? « ???????? » ? « ?????? »;
- 12 ?????? « ?-30 »;
- 6 ???? ??-21 «????» ;
- 4 100-????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??-12 «??????» ;
- ????? 30 ?????????;
- 52 ???? , ???-1 ? ???-70 ;
- 3 ???????-???????? ????????? « ??? »;
- 3 ???????-???????? ????????? « ???????? »;
- 6 ?????????? « ?????? »;
- 10 ????????? ???????? ????????? ??-23-2 .
?? ?????????? ??????-????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? 4 ????????? ??-8 .
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????????????? ?????????????-?????????? ??????? — ????? 400 ??. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??????? 20 ??????????? ??????. ??????? ? ??????? ???????? 900 ????????????? .
18 ??????? 2015 ?. ??? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? .
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? 1988 ?? 1991 ????, ????? ???????? ?????? ???????-?????????? ?????, ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????, ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ?. ?????. ????? ??????? 23 ?????? 1989 ???? ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????, ??????? ?????????? ? ????? 1990 ????. ???????? ????? ????????????? ??? ???? ? ????? ??????? ? ?????? 1991 ???? ?. ????? ? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?. ????????.
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- ?????????
- ?? 4 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ??
- ? ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — ?????? 4 — ?? ???
- ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — ?????? 3 — ?? ???
- ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????
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- [????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? — ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????. ?????? 47, ????? 1.
- ????? ????: ??????????? ????????? ?????????? / ???????????? ???????: ?. ?. ??????, ?. ?. ?????????. — ??????: ???, 2017. — ?. 42. — 96 ?. — ISBN 978-5-17-10261-4.
- ? . — ???????: ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, 2021. — 181 ?.
- ? / ????????????? ?? ??????: ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ?????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ????????? . — ???????: ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, 2016. — 452 ?. . ???? ?????????: 10 ???? 2017. ???????????? 7 ??????? 2017 ????.
- ???????? ?????? — ?????????????? ?????
- . ??????.Ru (1 ??????? 2009). ???? ?????????: 15 ??????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 10 ??????? 2009 ????.
-
??? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????, ??????? ??????????? ? 20:00 ?? ??????????? ??????? (????????? ? ???????).
-
Frederik Coene.
Territorial division, government and administration
//
. —
New York
: Routledge, 2009. — P.
. — 256 p. —
ISBN 978-0-415-48660-6
.
??????, ? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????, ?????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????.
???????????? ????? (????.)A large military opposition, however, consisting of the armed forces of the partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, together with some Russian forces, exists in Georgia's conflict zones.Paul Goble. // The Moscow Times. — 02-09-2010.
«?? ?????? ???????????», — ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????, «????? ????? ?????????? ? ????», ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????-???? ??????.
???????????? ????? (????.)«But just imagine», the president of the partially recognized state continued, «what a storm would arise in the world» if any of those things were to happen anytime soon.Ben Judah. . — Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 27-08-2009.
?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ?????????. «?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ? ?? ??????????? ??, ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ? ????????????? ???????????», ??????? ?? ISN Security Watch.
???????????? ????? (????.)Former CIA analyst Paul Goble believes that little will change. «Moscow is likely to continue to support Abkhazia and South Ossetia as partially recognized states lest annexing them exacerbate Moscow’s problems with its neighbors and the international community, » - he told ISN Security Watch.Erol Taymaz. . — Ancara : Caucasian Center for Stragetic Studies, 2009. — P. 2. — 13 p. . ???? ?????????: 18 ???????? 2010. ???????????? 25 ??????? 2010 ????.
?????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? — ???????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? 2008 ????.
???????????? ????? (????.)The next two are Abkhazia and South Ossetia, two states that have been partially recognized since September 2008.Yuri Urbanovich. Georgia on My Mind // . — Issue III. — University of Virginia. — Vol. II. — P. 19. . ???? ?????????: 19 ???????? 2010. ???????????? 9 ??????? 2010 ????.
??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ???????, ?????? ? ???? ? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????.
???????????? ????? (????.)Abkhazia and South Ossetia join Taiwan, Kosovo and TRNC as partially recognized states.?? 15 ???? 2012 ?? Wayback Machine
Geneva Call ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????, ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????????.
???????????? ????? (????.)Geneva Call is engaging the internationally partially recognized authorities in Abkhazia and South Ossetia in adhering to an anti-personnel (AP) mine ban and in adopting immediate preventive humanitarian measures to reduce the effects of landmines on the civilian population.Nina Caspersen, Gareth Stansfield. . — Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011. — x, 253 p. — ISBN 9780415582100 . ?? 28 ??????? 2017 ?? Wayback Machine
???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ???????????, ??? ??? ???????? [?????????] ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????.
???????????? ????? (????.)Even entities such as Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which are partially recognized, still mention recognition as one of their key priorities - Vartanyan, Olesya; Barry, Ellen . nytimes.com . The New York Times (18 ????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 5 ??????? 2014.
- . Rferl.org (10 ???????? 2009). ???? ?????????: 22 ???? 2010. 26 ???????? 2009 ????.
- . Russian news and analysis online | 'RIA Novosti' newswire. ???? ?????????: 22 ???? 2010. 26 ???????? 2009 ????.
- . En.rian.ru. ???? ?????????: 22 ???? 2010. 18 ??????? 2015 ????.
- (??????????? ??????)
- . ???? ?????????: 29 ??? 2018. 29 ??? 2018 ????.
- . Deutsche Welle (8 ??????? 2022). ???? ?????????: 10 ????? 2023.
- . ??????? ?????? ??-??-?? (9 ??????? 2018). ???? ?????????: 9 ????? 2023.
- ??????????????? ?????? ???.-?. ????????? ?? 26 ????? 1802 ?., «????, ????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????», ?. I, ??????, 1866, ?.
- 1802 ?. 20 ???????, ?????? ?????????? ????????-?????????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????, «??????? ???-?????? ? ?????????? ? ??????????», ????. ?. ?. ?????????, ?. II, ?????????, 1960, ?.
- // ?????????? ????????? . — 1830. — 6 (18) ???????? ( ? 72 ). 28 ???? 2017 ????.
- ??????? ???-?????? ? ?????????? ? ?????????? (1800—1864 ??.), ??? II, ????. ?. ?. ?????????. — ????????: ???????? ???-??????, 1960, ?. 308—311
- ?. ?. ???????? . . — ??????? , 1993. — 34 ?.
- ??????? 10.04.2017
- ??????? 11.04.2017
- Ossetia.news 12.04.2017
- ? . ???? ?????????: 14 ??????? 2008. ???????????? ?? 12 ????? 2007 ????.
- . Lenta.ru (14 ?????? 2010). ???? ?????????: 14 ??????? 2010. ???????????? ?? 16 ??????? 2010 ????.
- , The Guardian, 14 Dec 2009
- ?
- . Kremlin.ru (18 ????? 2015). ???? ?????????: 18 ????? 2015.
- .
- . ????????? (20220331T1006). ???? ?????????: 31 ????? 2022.
- ? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? «?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????» (?., 1969), ??????????? ?????? ?????? (?????????)
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- / ????????????? ?? ??????: ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ?????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ????????? . — ???????: ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, 2016. — 452 ?.
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- ? . ???? ?????????: 6 ??????? 2010. ???????????? ?? 26 ???????? 2009 ????.
- . i (7 ???? 2010). ???? ?????????: 27 ??? 2021.
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- . ???? ?????????: 20 ?????? 2013. 18 ?????? 2013 ????.
- ?????????? ???????? ????????? 1959 ?.: // ????????; // ????????.
- ?????????? ???????? ????????? 1970 ?.: // ????????; // ????????.
- ?????????? ???????? ????????? 1979 ?.: // ????????; // ????????.
- .
- (2013).
- / ????????????? ?? ??????: ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ?????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ??????? , ?. ?. ???????? , ?. ?. ????????? . — ???????: ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????, 2016. — 452 ?. 10 ???? 2017 ????.
- ? sputnik
- © ?????? ??????????
- . ??????.?? (15 ??????? 2008). ???? ?????????: 16 ??????? 2008. ???????????? ?? 20 ??????? 2008 ????.
- // ??? ???????, 10/08/2008
- . ??? ??????? (14 ?????? 2011). ???? ?????????: 25 ?????? 2023.
- . ?????????? ???? . ???? ?????????: 25 ?????? 2023.
- — www.newsru.com (19.08.2008)
- ?? 18 ??????? 2008 ?? Wayback Machine — georgiatimes.info (17.12.2008)
- ?? 6 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — georgiatimes.info (11.12.2008)
- — ?????????? ?????? (23.09.2008)
- — ?????????????? ????????? ??? (19.07.2013)
- ?? 9 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — «????? ??????. ??????????????? ???????????-???????????? ??????.» (3.11.2015)
- ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine // georgiatimes.info, 13.01.2009
- // interfax.ru, 15.01.2009
- ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine — (27.01.2009)
- ? — rosbalt.ru (13.03.2009)
- — regnum.ru (16.03.2009)
- ?????? ?????????? ?????????-???????
- ?? 11 ?????? 2012 ?? Wayback Machine — ??? (27.06.2009)
- — www.rzd-partner.ru (20.08.2008)
- ? — ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????
- . ???? ?????????: 20 ??????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 10 ???? 2009 ????.
- ???????? ????????. . ?????????? ?????? (9 ??????? 2008). ???? ?????????: 4 ???????? 2010.
- . ???? ?????????: 20 ??????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 24 ???????? 2015 ????.
- . ???? ?????????: 20 ??????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 22 ?????? 2016 ????.
- ????????? ???????? ?? 27 ???????? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine
- . ???? ?????????: 4 ???????? 2011. ???????????? ?? 12 ??????? 2012 ????.
- ????? ???????, ???? ????? — ?????? «???????????» ? 15 (4315) ?? 29.01.2010
- « ????? » 9 ?????? 2008 ?.
- .
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- . ???? ?????????: 6 ?????? 2020. ???????????? ?? 6 ?????? 2020 ????.
- .
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- . ???? ?????????: 6 ?????? 2020. ???????????? ?? 14 ??? 2020 ????.
- Sputnik. . sputnik-ossetia.ru. ???? ?????????: 23 ???????? 2017.
- ?? 5 ????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine , , 18.09.2009
- — ?????.?? (20.08.2009)
??????????
- . — Tbilisi, 1994.
- Souleimanov, Emil . (????.) . — Palgrave Macmillan , 2013. — ISBN 9781137280237 .
??????
- — cominf.iryston.net
- overview BBC (????.)
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