Вельц, Иван Августович
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Interested Article - Сунниты
doriana
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????? ???-????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????, «????????» ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? , ??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ??????? ????? (??????), ? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ( ????? ). ????????? «???????» ?????? ? ?????????? , ??????? ??????? ?????, ??????????? ?????, ????????? ?? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??????????? «??????????» ???? ? ?????? ? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ?? ????????????? ?????, ??????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ????????, ????? ???-????? ??????????? ????? ???????, ??? « ???? ???-????? », « ???? ???-???? », « ???? ???-?????‘? », « ???? ???-????? ». ?????? «???? ???-?????» ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? (??. 728), ??????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????. ? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? « ???? ???-???? ??-??-?????‘? », ????????? ??? ???-?????? ??-?????????? (??. 898). ?? II ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? « ???? ???-???? ?? ???-???????? », « ???? ??-????? ??-?-????? », « ????? ???-????? ». ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? ????????????, ???????? ?????????? ?????? « ???? ??-????? ????-?????‘? », ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ? ??? ???-????? ??-?????????? ? ?????? «??-???? ???-???? ???-?????» .
??????? «???? ??-?????» ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????? ????. ??????? ????????? ???????? ????, ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? . ???????? ????????, ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ????? , ? ????? ? ???, ??? ????? ????????? ????? «?????????» ?????? ( ?????? ), ??????? ? ????? ????????????? «???? ??-????? ??-??-?????‘?» .
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???????? ???????????? Pew Research Center 2010 ???? ? ???? ?????????? 1,62 ???? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? 85 — 90 % .
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?????????? ???????????? ??????? — ????? ??? ‘??? ??-?????? . ???????? ??? ??-??????, ????? ??? ‘??? ??? ?????? ??????? , ??? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ?? «???????», ?????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? , ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ( ????? ) ? ????????? ?? ????????????? ??? ???????????. ? ???????? ??????????? ????? ( ????? ???-???? ) ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ??????-?????????????????? ??????? ( ??-??? , ???????? , ???????? ? ??.). ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ? ????? .
???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ???? ? X—XIII ?????. ????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? (? ?????????, ? ???????? ), ??? ? ?? ?????? (? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ). ? XII ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ????? XV ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? .
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????? X ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ? ???????? , ??????????? ??????? ???? ( ????????? ) ? ??????????? ??????????????? ( ?????????? ), ??????????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????, ???????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? «??????????? ??????» ???????????. ??????? ????????? ?????? (?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?? ????????) ? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????-???????????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
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- ? .
- . The Future of the Global Muslim Population – Executive Summary . Pew Research Center (27 ?????? 2011). ???? ?????????: 3 ?????? 2013. 9 ????? 2013 ????.
- . BBC News . 2011-12-06. ?? ????????? 24 ?????? 2011 . ???? ?????????: 18 ??????? 2011 .
- ???? ???-???????? ?? 9 ??????? 2016 ?? Wayback Machine ????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ? ?????] (???????) ????????????? ??????, ??????? ? ????????? ? ??????????? ?. ?. ?????????
- ????? // ??????? ????????? ???????????? : [? 30 ?.] / ??. ???. ?. ?. ???????? . — 3-? ???. — ?. : ????????? ????????????, 1969—1978.
- Ignác Goldziher, Muslim Studies , vol. 2, pg. 240. Halle, 1889—1890. ISBN 0-202-30778-6
- Scott C. Lucas, Constructive Critics, ?ad?th Literature, and the Articulation of Sunn? Islam , pg. 106. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2004.
- , ?????????? ??????, ?. 295—296.
- ?? 21 ???? 2013 ?? Wayback Machine deprel.ru
- ?? 4 ??????? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine freereligion.ru
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- . ?????????? ???? . — «??????? ? ???????? ????? ????? — ??????????-??????? ???????????? ?????». ???? ?????????: 23 ????? 2013. 4 ?????? 2013 ????.
- ?????????, ???? . (31 ??????? 2010). — «??????? ?????? ??????? ? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????, ?? ???? ? ???????». ???? ?????????: 23 ????? 2013. 4 ?????? 2013 ????.
- ????? ?. ?. ????????????? ???????? ?????????: ?????????? ?????. — ???????????: ??? , 2008. — 153 ?.
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- ?.?. ???????. ??????. ????? ????? ?????????. — ???. : ????, 2009. — 512 ?. — ISBN 9785885035798 .
- ????????? ?. ?. , ???????? ?. ?. . — ?. ???????? : ???? ????? ?. ?. ???????????? , 2013. — 305 ?. ?? 28 ???? 2014 ?? Wayback Machine
- ????? ???? ???-?????. ????????? ???????? ???? = ??????? ??????? ???????. — 1. — ????: ??? ???-??????, 2005. — 93 ?.
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doriana
- 2020-03-27
- 2
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