Interested Article - Тебриз

??????? ^(???.) ( ??????? , ??????? , ????. ????? ?, ??????. [tæb?ri?z] Tabriz , ?????. T?briz ) — ????? ? ????? , ???????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? . ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ??????, ? ????? ????? . ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? , ????? ??? ??????? ????? , ????? ? ?????? ??????????????. ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????????????? , ??? ? ?? ?????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? . ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? (1916).

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III—VII ???? — ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? .

IV ??? — ??????, ? ?? ????? ?????????????? ?????????, ???????? ? ?????????? ??????-?????????? ????? .

????? IX ???? — ?????????????? ?????? ???????? , ????? ??????? ????????? ????????.

XII—XIII ??? — ??????? ??????????? ????????????

1220—1222 — ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????, ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? (1220—1222) ? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.

XIII—XIV ???? — ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???????? — ?????????? .

1375—1468 — ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????-?????? .

1469—1501 — ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??-?????? . ??? ??-?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????????, ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? . ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ? ??????? « ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ????? — ????? ???????? ???????? ????????» .

????? 1474 ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? , ??????????? ??? ? ????? ??????? ???????? « ??????? ?? ??? ???? ».

1501—1555 — ??????? ??????????? ????????? , ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? .

1827 — ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ??????-?????????? ????? .

????? ?????? ??? ???????? (? 858 ????, 1041 ???? ? 1721 ????) ??-?? ?????? ?????????????.

? ?????? XX ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????, ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? 1905—1911 ?????. ??? ? 1908 ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????-??? ???? , ???????, ?????? ???????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????. ? ????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ????, ????? ?? ????????. ????????? ?????? ??????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ???????????. ? ????? ???????? ???-??? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? , ? ? ?????? ? 1909 ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????-??? , ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? .

25 ??????? 1941 ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??????. 26 ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ? ?????? ???????????? 442-? ????????? ????????????? ????? (?/? 95960), ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????. ?????? 3 ???? ????? ????????? ????????? 12 ??????? 1945 ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? , ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ????????????????? ?? ??????? 1946 ????, ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? .

??????????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????.

????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????-???????? ????? 1980—1988 ?????.

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????? ???? , ?????????? ?????? ? 1293 — 1294 ?????, ?????:

«?????????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ( ??????????? , ?????? , ????? , ??????? , ?????? ? ????????????? ????????? , ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ???????. ? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????» .

? XV ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? 200 000 ??????? . ? 1501 ???? ? ??????? ????????????? ????? 300 000 ???????. ? ?????? ???????? XVI ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? . ?? ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? 1523 ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???????, ????? ???????? ????? , ???? ????? ????? ????? . ? 1585 ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? 100 000 ???????. ? 1585 — 1588 ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? , ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????? .

? 1868 ???? ? ?????? ????????? ?? 5 ???. ????????? ??????? .

????, ???????? ????????? — ????????????? . ????? ????????? ?????, ?????, ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? .

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??????????? ????? ??????, XVI ???, ?????? ???????? ??????

??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????, ? ??? ??????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? — ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? . ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????????-?????????????? ??????? ?????. ? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? «?????? ??????», ???????????? ???? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ???????. ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????????????, ?????????? ? ????????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??????????????, ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????.

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? ?????? XIV ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? , ???? ????????????, ?????? ? ?????????????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? , ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? XVI ???, ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? . ????????????? ??? ???, ??? ? ??? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????, ? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????-????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????????, ? ?????????, ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ????, ??? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????, ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? . ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????, ? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? , ????, ?????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ????? XVI ???????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????????? .

??????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? XVI ???? ???? : ?????? ???????? , ??? ????? , ???????? ??? , ????? ??? , ??? ???? ??? .

?????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? « ??? ??? — ??????? ».

????????? ???? ????????, «???????» ?? ?????? ???????.
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«?????» 1481 ????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????

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????? «????????». ?????????? ?????. XV ???. ??????? ????????? ?. ?????????, ??????.

???????? ?? ??, ??? ??????? «?????????? ?????» ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????????????? ?? ??????-?????? ????? , ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????????, ??????? ? V—VI ????? . ? XVI ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? , ???????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????????. ? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????, «????????» ??????, ???????????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? — ??????? ????????? ????? . ?? ?????????? XVI—XVII ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????-????????? ???????, ???, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. , ? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? .

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???????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ??????, ? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????. ???, ?????????? ???? ???? , ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? («????» ???????? ? ???????? «??????»), ???????????? ????????? ? ???????, ? ????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??? «?????? ??????????» ( ????. ??? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?).

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? 1898 ???? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????-???-??????? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? «????».

? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????, ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????, ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? , ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????.

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?????????? ??????? ????????: ??????? — ??????????????? ???????? ????. ????c ???????? — ??????????????? ???????????? ? ??????????????? ???????. ????? ???????? — ???????, ????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ??????? — ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????, ???????-?????.

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« ??????? ?????? » ?? ??????? , 1872 ?.
«?????? ??????» ?? ??????? ????? ???????? , 1840 ?.
??????. ???. ???? ???????, 1840 ?.
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?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ?????? 2010

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— ???????????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???????

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. ???? ?????????: 20 ?????? 2014. 29 ?????? 2014 ????.
(????.)
? Kyle Evered. TABRIZ // Encyclopaedia of Modern Asia. Volume 5: Possession to Turkey. — 2002. — ?. 1 . — ?. 366 . — ISSN .
— ?????? ?? Encyclopædia Iranica . C. E. Bosworth

???????????? ????? (????.)

Tabr?z was a place of little importance at this time, having been largely destroyed in the Armeno-Persian wars of the fourth century (see V. Minorsky, “Tabr?z,” in EI1 IV).
? ?????? ???????, «????? ? ????????. ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ???????», ?. 519
??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????. — ?., 1986. — ?. 57.
? ????????? ????????????, ?. ????? ??? ??????? ?. ????????; ?????? «?????????» — ?.?????????
???????? ?. ??????? ???????, ????? 10 ???????? ???? ? XIX—XX ??.
Kaveh, Farrokh. Iran at War: 1500—1988. — Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2011. — 488 p. — (General Military). — ISBN 1846034914
George Lenczowski. «United States' Support for Iran’s Independence and Integrity, 1945—1959», Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 401, America and the Middle East. (May, 1972), p. 49
Cihan Aydo?mu?o?lu, «Tarihte Tebriz», s. 74-75
?????? ???????, «????? ? ????????. ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ???????», ?. 638
Willem Floor and Hasan Javadi, The Role of Azerbaijani Turkish in Safavid Iran,

???????????? ????? (????.)

It is very interesting to learn that, according to Tenreiro, in 1523 among the people of Tabriz, there were only some Turkmen and the rest were Persians as well as many Armenians.
?????? ???????, «????? ? ????????. ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????. ??????? ???????», ?. 639
????????? ?.?. / ?????????? ?.?.. — ?. : ?????. ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????, 1983. — ?. 187. — 265 ?. 11 ??????? 2022 ????.
Azerbaijanis (author Brenda Shaffer), page 206. // Encyclopaedia of Modern Asia. Volume 1: Abacus to China. Editors: David Levinson and Karen Christensen. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2002, LXVII+ 529 pages. ISBN 9780684312422

???????????? ????? (????.)

Iran’s three northwesternmost provinces are inhabited predominantly by Azerbaijanis: East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, and Ardabil. Tehran, the capital city, has a large Azerbaijani population as well, estimated at close to 50 percent of the city’s residents.
. ???? ?????????: 21 ???????? 2017. 1 ??????? 2007 ????.
G.Fehervari. Art and architecture // Peter Malcolm Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis. The Cambridge history of Islam, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, 1977, p. 738
«Tabr?z school.» Encyclopædia Britannica. 1995
Gedar. Ketabe Honare Iran. — p. 471
. ???? ?????????: 15 ??????? 2010. 15 ??????? 2010 ????.
Andrew Burke, Mark Elliot. Iran. — Lovely planet, 2008. — ?. 5. — ?. 64. — ISBN 9781741042931 .

???????????? ????? (????.)

Azari Weavers in Tabriz are renowned for being able to reproduce any type and quality of carpet, ranging from fine works in silk or with silk highlights, to simpler weaves from the village and tribal groups of the region.
. ???? ?????????: 22 ?????? 2014. ???????????? ?? 27 ??????? 2013 ????.
. ???? ?????????: 8 ??? 2012. 8 ??? 2012 ????.

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??????? (??????) // ?????? — ??????. — ?. : ????????? ????????????, 1956. — ?. 95. — ( ??????? ????????? ???????????? : [? 51 ?.] / ??. ???. ?. ?. ?????????? ; 1949—1958, ?. 42).