Список послов СССР и России в Бурунди
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Interested Article - Бурунди
xandria
- 2021-02-15
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???????? ( ????? Burundi, Uburundi , ??. ? ????. Burundi ), ?????? ??????????? ????? — ??????????? ???????? ( ????? Republika y'u Burundi, Irepuburika y’Uburundi , ??. République du Burundi , ????. Republic of Burundi ) — ??????????? ? ????????? ?????? ; ?????? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ? ???? . ???????? ? ??????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? — ?? ?????? ? ????????? — ?? ??????? ? ???-???????. ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? . ?? ???-?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? .
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???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? — ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????????????? ???????? ??- , ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ???????. ????? ???????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? «????? ?????? ?????» .
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??????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ????????, ??????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? , ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ? 1000 ???? ?. ?. ??????????? ???? . ? XV—XVI ????? ???? ?????? ?????????-????????? ????? .
? XVII ???? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ????? (??????) ????? I ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ? ???? ????????? ????? II ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ? ???? ?????????????? ???? ? ???????? ????? II ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ? ????? XIX ???? ?? ?????? XX ???? ? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????? .
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?????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ? 1858 ????. ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? . ? 1871 ???? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? . ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????. ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????. ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? . ????? ?????????? ??????????? 1884—1885 ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????. ? 1894 ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? . ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? .
? 1890-? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????, ? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????-?????? . ? 1925 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? . ? ??????? ?? ?????, ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? , ? ??????-?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ????? . ?? ?????????? 1950-? ????? ??????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ????????. ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ??-??? ????????, ??????? ? 1959 ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????-??????.
? 1961 ???? ?? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????, ???????? ?????? ??????, ????????? 80 % ??????? ? ?????????? 58 ?? 64 ???? ? ??????????????? ??????. ????? ??? ????????? , ??????????? ???????-?????????, 13 ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????????????? ???????????-??????????????? ?????? ??????? (????). ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ? ?????, ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? .
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1 ???? 1962 ???? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? . ? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ?????, ??????????? ??????????? ? ????? ???????????. (??????) ????????? IV ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ???????? (??????) ????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????. ? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????. ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ? ?????? .
? ??????? 1965 ???? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? , ????????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????. ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? , 8 ???? 1966 ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? , ??? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ? ??????????? ??????? ????????? , ?????????? ??????????????? ????????? , ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? V . 28 ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????, ? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ?????? ??????????-????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ? 1972 ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ????????????? ????????? ?????????? (? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? V) .
? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????, ? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? . ? 1987 ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ? ???? . ?? ???????????? 1 ???? 1993 ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? , ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ????? . ? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? . ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????, ? ? 1994 ???? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? , ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????????? ????????????. ? ??? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? , ? ????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ? ???? 1996 ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? . ??? ? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? .
????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????, ? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ??????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? « ???? ????????????? ???????????? » ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? .
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?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ? 1981 ????. ???????? ??, ?????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? — ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? (??????), ??? ??????????? ????? . ? ????????? ? 1992 ???? ????? ???????????, ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????????, ? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ??????? 2005 ????.
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?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ????? ??????????, ??????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????????? . ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?? 5 ???, ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????, ???????? ????????????? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ???????? ? ??????? 2005 ???? . 28 ???? 2010 ???? ? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? , ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????? . ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? 2020 ????. ??????????? ????? ??????????? — ??????? ?????????? .
?????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ????-??????????, ???? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ????????????????, ? ?????? — ????????????? ? ?????????? ?????. ??? ????-?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????????. ? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? (60 %) ? ????? (40 %) .
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??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????, ????????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ( ??. L'Assemblée Nationale ) ? ?????? . ? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? 100 ??????, ?????????? ?????? ?? 5 ???. ??? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????? (60 % ???? ? 40 % ?????) ? ??????? (70 % ??????? ? 30 % ???????) ????????. ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? .
????? ??????? ?? 49 ??????, 34 ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???? 5 ???, ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ??????????? .
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?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ( ????? intahe yo ku mugina ), ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ( ????? abashingantahe ) ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? . ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ( ??. Tribunal de Résidence ), ? ?? ?????? ????????? — ???? ??????? ????????? ( ??. Tribunaux de Grande Instance ), ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ???? ????????????? ?????, ????????????? ? ?????????, ????? ? ??????.
????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ( ??. La Cour supreme ). ? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ( ??. La Cour Constitutionnelle ), ??????? ????????????? ????, ????????? ? ??????????? ???????????, ? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????? .
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?? ????????? ????????????? ???? ???????????????? ????? 23 ???????????? ??????, ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? — ???????????? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? (??????), ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? , ? ???????? ?????? (??), ?????? ????. ?????? ??????, ???????????????? 58 ?? 64 ???? ? ???????????? ?????????, ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????????? ? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????. ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????????? ??? ?????????? «?????? ????????», ? ????? ????? ?????????? «?????? ??????????» .
? 1966 ???? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ????? ??????. 1 ?????? 1979 ????, ????? ???????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????????, ???? ????????? ? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??? ? 1979 ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ? ??????????????? ??????????, ? ?? ??????????? 1981 ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????.
????????????? ? ????????????? ?????? 1993 ???? ??????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????, ????? 72 % ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??????? (???????). ? 1990-? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? (?????), ??????????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? (??????), ???????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ????????, ????????, ?????????? — ???? ????????????? ????????????, ? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? — ???? ?????? ?????????? .
? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? — ????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? .
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??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? 5,9 % ?? ??? ?????? (2006) . ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? (???? 2006 ????) — 50 500 ???????, ?? ??????? 89,1 % — ?????? ? ?????, 10,9 % — ??????????? .
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18 ???????? 1962 ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ? ??? . ???? ????????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ??????????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????????, ?????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? . ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? , ???????????? ????? , ??????-77 ? ?????? ????????????? ???????????.
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??????? — ???????????, ?? ??????? ?????? ? ???? . ????? ????????????? ??????? — 974 ??. ????????: ?? ?????? — ? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? (233 ??), ?? ?????? — ? ??????? (290 ??), ?? ??????? ? ???-??????? — ? ????????? (451 ??) . ??????? ?????? ?????????? 27 830 ??², ?? ??????? 25 650 ??² ?????????? ?? ???? . ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????, ???????????? ?? ???-?????? ? ????? ?????????? .
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?????????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????, ??????? ???????????? ? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? — ?? 1 525 ?? 2 000 ?. ????????????? ? ???-??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? (????????? ??????? ??????), ????????? 2 760 ?????? . ?? ???-??????? ? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????? 1370 ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ????????-??????????? ???????? ??????, — ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? 915 ??????. ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? — 772 ????? . ????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ?????????? ?????? ? ????????.
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??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? . ??????????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ?????????? 350 ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ???????????????? ????????. ? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ????????? ??????, ???????? ???????, ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????. ? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ???????? .
? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????, ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????????? (???????? ???????) ??????????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? , ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???. ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ? ????????, ? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? .
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? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? , ??????? , ??????? , ???????? ?????????? ?????? , ???????? , ?????????????? ????????, ??????? , ?????????? . ? ??????, ???????, ????-????????, ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? . ? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????? , ?????????????????? ? ????????? . ?????? ??????, ???????????? ? 1974 ????, ??????? ? 370 ????????? ???? (3 — 5 % ?? ??????? ???????) .
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?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? 20 °C, ?? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? — 23 °C, ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? — 16 °C. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ? ????????? ?????????? 23 °? .
?????? ???????????, ???????? ??????? ?? ??????-?????? ??????. ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? 1300—1600 ??, ?? ??????? ?????? ? ??????-????????? ????? ?????? — 750—1000 ?? . ???????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???????: ??????? ????? ????? (???? — ??????), ???????? ??????? ????? (???????? — ??????), ???????? ????? ????? (??????? — ??????) ? ??????? ??????? ????? (??????? — ???).
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? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? . ???? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? , ? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????, ???? ??????????, ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????.
????? ?????????? , ????????????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??????, ????????? ????? ???????, ????????? ? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????. ?? ??????-??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? .
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??????? ? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????, ? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ????????. ???? ??-?? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????? ???????, ???????????? ????? 600 ??². ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?? 9 % ?? ????? ???????. ? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????? , ?????? , ????? ? ????????? ?????? . ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? .
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????? ??????? ?????????????, ? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? , ????????, ????????? , ??????????? ??????? , ????, ???????? .
????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? , ??????? , ????????? , ???? , ???? , ???????? , ??????. ?? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ??????? 451 ??? ????.
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? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? , ? ??? ????? ???????? ????? , ???????????? ??????? . ????? 130 ????? ???, ????????? ? ??????????, ???????? ?????????? .
?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? , ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????????, ????????? ? ??? ?????, ?? ?????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???. ????? ????, ??????????, ??? ? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????, ? ??? ????? ?????? ????????, ? ????? ? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? .
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- ???????????? ???? ?????? (??????? 37 870 ??) ?????????? ?? ??????-?????? ??????, ????????? ? ??????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????. ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ? 1933 ????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ???????? 96 % ??????? ?????. ?????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? Symphonia globulifera , Newtonia buchananii , Albizia gummifera ? Entandrophragma excelsum . ???? ????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? Arundinaria alpine .
- ???????????? ???? ?????? (??????? 43 630 ??), ????????? ? 1980 ????, ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????-??????? ???????, ? 20 ?? ?? ??????. ?? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? , ??????????? ???????? ???????????????, ?????? ? ????????? . ? ????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? , ???????? ???? , ??????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? (????????????? ????? ?????? ??????), ????-?????? ? ????? , ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????????. ????? ????, ????????????? ? ?????, ????? ???????? ?????? , ?????????? ????? ? ??. ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????, ?????????????, ??????????????? , ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? ??????? , ????????? , ?????? , ????????? ???????? .
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?????? ????????? ?? 18 ????????? , ?????????? ?? 117 ?????? , ??????? ??????? ?? 2638 ????? .
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????????? ?????? ?????????? 8 856 000 (2008) , ?? ??????? 80,9 % — ???? , 15,6 % — ????? , 1,6 % — ??????? , 1,0 % — ?????????? ????? ??? . ????????? ????????? — 323,4 ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????. ? ??????? ????????? 10,0 % ????????? ?????? (2005).
??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? (51,18 % ? 48,82 %) (2005). 45,1 % ????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ?? 15 ???, 29,0 % — ? ???????? ?? 15 ?? 29 ???, 13,7 % — ?? 30 ?? 44 ???, 8,2 % — ?? 45 ?? 59 ???, 3,2 % — ?? 60 ?? 74 ???, 0,7 % — ?? 75 ?? 84 ???, 0,1 % — 85 ??? ? ???? (2005). ??????? ????????????????? ????? (2005): 47,0 ??? ? ??????, 49,8 ??? ? ?????? .
??????????? ????????? 46 ????? ?? 1000 ??????? (2008), ?????????? — 16 ??????? ?? 1000 ??????? (2008). ???????????? ??????? — 30 ??????? ?? 1000 ??????? (2008) . ???????????? ?????????? — 60,77 ??????? ?? 1000 ????????????? (2008) . ???????????? ???????? ????????? (2003) ?????????? 3 464 000 ??????? (49,2 %) .
??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? 12,9 ???????? (??? 80 001 ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????) (2000) .
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????????????? ???-??????? ?????? (1976—1987) ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????, ????????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???????? , ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????????, ????????????????? ???????????? ?????, ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????. ? 1986 ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? . ? ???????? 1987 ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ??????. ? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? — ????????????. ? 2002 ???? ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????. ? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? .
???????????? ?????????? 92,9 % ????????? (2010) . ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? — ???????? (5,85 ????????) ? ????????????? (1 ???????). ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? 5,5 % ??????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? 130 ????? .
???????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ? ???? ????? , ??????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ?????. ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? . ?????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????. ? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????, ? ???? ????? — ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????, ?? ???????????? ??????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ????? .
?????
???????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????????? , ? ? 2014 ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? . ? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? , ?? ??????? ??????? ????? 6 400 ??????? . ?????????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???? , ? ????? .
?????????
??????? — ????????????? ???????? ??????????? . ???? ?? ????????? ????? ? ????, ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? 50 % ?????????? ???????????? ??? ?????, 36 % — ??? ????????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ?????. ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? 90 % ????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????. ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????. 54 % ???????? ?????????? ???? . ?????????????? ????? ??? , ?????? ? ?????. ? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ???? .
?????????????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ? ??????????? ???????????, ? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? . ????????? ????, ????????? , ???????? , ?????????????????, ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ? ????????? ?????????? . ? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ; ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????????????? . ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? . ???????? ? 2007 ???? ?????????? 8,3 %, ? 2008 ???? — 24,5 % . ? 2009 ???? ???? ??? ???????? 3,5 % .
???????? ?????????
???????? ????????? ?????????? 33,5 % ?? ??? ?????? (2005) . ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? 90 % ????????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? 1 100 000 ?? (43 % ????? ???????), ?? ??????? 74 000 ?? (6,7 % ???????? ??????) ???????? ?????????? .
???? ? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????. ? 2001 ???? ??????? ???? ???????? 54 % ?? ?????? ???????? , ? 2006 ???? — 67,7 % . ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ???, ??????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????????? ??? ??????? 300 ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ??? ??????????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ????????? 2013 ???? ???? ?? 11,9 ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ? 13,9 ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????????????? 4 613 262 ?? ??? ? 2013 ????, ?? ????????? ? 4 882 512 ?? ??????? ???????? 2012 ???? . 90 % ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ? ?????? ?? 2013 ??? ???????? ?? ???? . ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ?? ????: ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ????????.
???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????: ??????, ??????, ??????, ??????? ?????????, ???????? ???????? ? ?????. ?? ??????????, ????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ???????? ????????? ????? . ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ? ??????? .
?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ? 2005 ???? ?????????????? ???: ?????? ????????? 1 600 000 ?, ??????? ????????? — 835 000 ?, ?????? — 710 000 ?, ?????? — 220 218 ?, ???????? — 123 000 ?, ????? — 67 947 ?, ??? — 67 947 ?, ???? — 62 000 ?, ????? — 33 500 ?, ???? — 7 800 ?, ??? — 7 500 ?, ?????? — 4 654 ? .
??????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????. ? ????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????????. ? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????? 350 ? ?????? ? ??? (17 % ?? ?????????????? ??????) .
????????? ??? ?????????? 750 000, ???????? ???????? ????? — 396 000, ???? — 243 000 (2005) , ?????? — 61 000, ??? — 4 ????????(1999) . ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ? 23 000 ???? (1999). ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????? 48 ??????? ? ????? ?? ???????? (10 % ?? ??????????????) .
??????????????
?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ?????. ??????????? ?????? ????????????????? ? 1998 ????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????, ??????, ??????, ????, ???????, ???????????? ? ????????, ???? ???????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? .
??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ????, ???, ????????????? ????? ? ?????????. ?????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????, ????, ?????, ????????????, ???????????? ??????????, ?????? ? ?? .
? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ????, ?????? , ?????? , ?????? , ????? ? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? , ???? , ?????? — ??? ?????????? ???? .
????????? ? ????????????
?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ????, ? ????? ???????? ?????. ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? 12 322 ?? (2004), ?? ??? ???? 7 % ??????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? 19 800, ?????????? ? ????????? — 14 400 .
????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? Air Burundi , ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ? ????? ? ?????? , ???????? ? ??????????????? ?????????? ????? . ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? Air Zaïre, Sabena ? ?????? . ???????? ? ????????? — ????????????? ? ? ??? (2005) ????????? 73 072 ?????????, ?????????? 63 908 ??????????; ??????????? ???? ???????? 3 093 ?, ??????????? — 188 ? . ????????????? ????? 7 ????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? .
?? 1000 ??????? ?????? ?????????? 20 ??????? ? 4,1 ???????????? ????????? (2005), 4,8 ???????????? ??????????? (2004), 7,7 ????????????? ???? ???????? (2006) .
??????????
? 2005 ???? ? ??????? ???? ??????????? 137 ????????? ???·? ?????????????? (99 % — ?? ???? ???????????????????), ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? 161,4 ????????? ???·? . ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ? ???????? . ???????? ????? (94 %) ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? .
??????
???????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? (BIF), ??????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? 19 ??? 1964 ???? , ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ? 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 ? 1000 ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ? ??????.
? 1966 ???? ???????? ????????? ?? 20 ??????? ? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? «???????????» ?? «??????????». ? 1968 ???? ???????? ????????? 10 ??????? ???? ???????? ????????. ? 2001 ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ? 2000 ???????, ? 2004 ???? — 10 000 ???????.
??????????????????? ?????
??????? (2017) : 163 ???????? ???????? ???: ???? — 23 % ($38 ?????????), ?????? — 23 % ($36,9 ????????), ??? — 16 % ($25,7 ????????), ?????????, ??????????, ?????????? ? ??????????? ???? — 7,2 % ($11,8 ????????).
??????? ??????????: ???????????? ???????? ??????? — 24 % ($38,4 ????????), ??????????????? ?????????? ????? — 15 % ($24,1 ????????), ???????? — 8,1 % ($13,2 ????????) ? ????? — 6,6 % ($10,8 ????????) .
?????? (2017): 774 ???????? ???????? ???: ????????????? — 17 %($131 ???????), ??????????? ??????????? — 6,2 % ($48,1 ????????), ??? — 4 % ($31,2 ????????), ???????????????? ????? — 3,8 % ($29,5 ????????) ? ?????????? — 3,1 % ($24,2 ????????), ??? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????????? .
??????? ??????????: ????? — 14 % ($111 ?????????), ????? — 13 % ($103 ????????), ?????????? ?????? — 8,1 % ($62,4 ????????), ???????? — 7,3 % ($56,2 ????????) ? ????? — 6,5 % ($50,4 ????????) .
????????
??????????
??-?? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? , ? ??? ????? ???????, ?????, ?????, ????????? , ??????? ? ?????, ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???? . ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ? ????????. ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? .
????? ? ??????????
?????????? ???? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? — ?????. ? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? (??????? ? 1955 ????), ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ??????????. ? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? . ? Musée Vivant , ?????????? ? 1977 ???? ? ?????????, ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.
? ??????? ????????????? 60 ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ? ??????? ? ?? ????????????: ????????? ?????????? (27 000 ?????), ?????????? ???????????? ??????? (192 000 ?????), ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? (33 000 ?????) .
?????? ? ?????
?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ??????, ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ?????. ?? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ( ????? imvyino ) ? ????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????. ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ( ????? indirimbo ). ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????? ( ????? kwishongora ), ? ??????? — ??????????????? ?????? ( ????? bilito ). ????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? .
????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ( ????? inanga ), ????? ( ????? idono ), ??????????? ( ????? ikihusehama ), ?????? ( ????? ikimbe ) ? ??????. ???????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???????????, ?? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????.
???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? The Royal Drummers of Burundi , ????????? ?? 20 ???????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? . ??????? ? 1960-? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????? ????; ???? ???????? ??????? Batimbo (Musiques Et Chants) (1991), Live at Real World (1993) ? The Master Drummers of Burundi (1994) .
?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????. ????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ( ????? Budemera ). ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ?????, ? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ? ?. ?.
?????????
| ???? | ???????? |
|---|---|
| 1 ?????? | ????? ??? |
| 5 ??????? | ???? ???????? |
| 1 ??? | ???? ????? |
| ????????? | ?????????? ?????? ?????? |
| 1 ???? | ???? ????????????? |
| 15 ??????? | ?????????? ?????? ????? |
| 13 ??????? | ???? ????????? |
| 21 ??????? | ???? ??????? |
| 1 ?????? | ???? ???? ?????? |
| 28 ?????? | ???? ?????????? |
| 25 ??????? | ????????? |
?????????? ?????
???????????
??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????? ? 7 ?? 13 ???. ????????? ??????????? ?????? 6 ??? ? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???????????. ???????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? 7 ???, ? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? — 5 ???. ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? , ?????????? ? 1960 ???? .
?????? ????????? ? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ? ????????????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ? ? ???????????? .
??????????? ????????? (?? 15 ??? ? ????) ? 2003 ???? ????????? 51,6 % (??????? — 58,5 %, ??????? — 45,2 % ).
| ??????? ????????? | ?????????? ??????? ????????? | ?????????? ?????????????? | ?????????? ???????? | ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????????? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ????????? ????? (7—13 ???) | 1 512 1 | 18 889 | 968 488 | 51,2 |
| ??????? ????? (14—20 ???) | 4005 1 | 8 047 | 140 735 | 17,5 |
| ?????? ??????????? | 1 | 669 | 15 706 | 23,5 |
1 ?????? ?? 1998 ???
???????????????
?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????????, ??-?? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????. ?????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????????? ????????? .
? ?????? 1 ???? ?????????? ?? 37 581 ?????? (????? 200 ??????), 1 ?????????? ????? — 1657 ??????? (????? 3380 ????) (2004) . ?? ????? 2001 ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ? ??? , ??????????? ? 390 ????? ??????? (8,3 % ?? ????????? ?????????) . ????????? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ? ???????, ????????????? ? ????? 1990-? ?????, ???????? ??????? 3,3 % ?? ????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ???, ? 2005 ???? , ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.
???
???????? ?? ??, ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? Le Renouveau du Burundi , ??? ??????? ???????????? ? ???????????.
????????????? ???????: Le Renouveau du Burundi (?????????? ???????) , Ubumwe (????????) — ????????????????? ??????, Ndongozi (?????) — ???????? ???????????? ????????, Arc-en-ciel (??????) — ??????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? .
???????????? ????????????? ????? La Radiodiffusion et Télévision Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) ?????????????? ??????????????; ????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ???????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????? . ??????? ? 1984 ????, ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????????? ? 1985 ???? . ?? 1000 ??????? ?????????? 37 ??????????? (2004) .
????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ? ??????? ?????????:
- Radio Burundi (RTNB) — ?????????????? ??????????????, ????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ???????, ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ? 1960 ????
- . ???????????? ?? 4 ?????? 2008 ????. — ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????,
- Radio Publique Africaine — ???????, ????????????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????????,
- Radio CCIB+ — ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????,
- Radio Culture — ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????,
— ??????? .
????????? ???????? - Agence Burundaise de Presse (ABP) — ?????????????? ??????????????, Azania , — ??????? .
? 2006 ???? ? ?????? ???? ????????????? 60 000 ????????????? ???? ???????? , ?? ??? ? 2009 ???? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? 157,800
?????
??????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ????? ? 1996 ????, ??????? ?? ??? ???????????-???????????? ? ???????. ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? , ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ?? 5000 ? ? ??????? ? 1996 ???? . ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? «??????» ?????????? ???? 1995 ???? ?? ????????? 1500 ??????.
?? ??????????? ????? 2016 ?. ? ???-??-??????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? 800 ? ???????? ????????? (Niyonsaba Francine) ???????? ???????
?????????? ?????????? ??????? ( ??. Fédération de Football du Burundi ) ???? ??????? ? 1948 ???? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ? 1972 ???? . ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? 20 ??? ? ?????? ? 1995 ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????.
?????????????????????
???????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ??????, ? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????, ?????????? ?????????. ? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????. ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ??????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ??????, ????? ?????????? .
??. ?????
??????????
- ? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????. ?????????? ???????? // ????? ???? / ????. ? ??????. ? ???. ??? «???????????» ? 2009 ?. ; ??. ???. ?. ?. ??????? . — ?. : ??? «???????????» : ?????, 2010. — ?. 15. — ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (???????????). — ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (?????).
- ????? ????: ??????????? ????????? ?????????? / ???????????? ???????: ?. ?. ??????, ?. ?. ?????????. — ??????: ???, 2017. — ?. 72. — 96 ?. — ISBN 978-5-17-10261-4.
- . ???? ?????????: 23 ??? 2008. 24 ??????? 2018 ????.
- ? (????.) . International Monetary Fund (IMF) (11 ??????? 2019). ???? ?????????: 11 ????? 2020. 28 ??? 2020 ????.
- (????.) . ????????? ???????? ??? . — ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???. ???? ?????????: 15 ??????? 2020. 15 ??????? 2020 ????.
- , ?. 85.
- (???.) . ???? ?????????: 14 ?????? 2023. 7 ????? 2023 ????.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 27 ??????? 2008 ????.
- Historyworld.net. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Iss.co.za. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Geo-world.ru. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 4 ??????? 2010 ????.
- Uadream.com. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 16 ???????? 2011 ????.
- Worldstory.ru. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 14 ?????? 2012 ????.
- Geogid.ru. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 14 ?????? 2007 ????.
- ? ?????????. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ??????????? ???????, ??.??. 95, 109
- ? Syldie Bizimana. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- . Al-Jazeera . 2010-06-28. ?? ????????? 1 ???? 2010 . ???? ?????????: 28 ???? 2010 .
- ??????????? ???????, ??. 129
- ??????????? ???????, ??. 147
- ? CIA. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 24 ??????? 2018 ????.
- Senate of Burundi. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ??????? 2009. ???????????? ?? 6 ??????? 2009 ????.
- The Law No1/ 016 of 20th April 2005 on the Organisation of Municipal Administration
- ??????????? ???????, ??. 228
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 11 ??????? 2008 ????.
- ? Britannica. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ??????????? ???? ???. . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. ???????????? ?? 21 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 29 ???? 2008. 6 ??????? 2008 ????.
- Countriesquest.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Uoguelph.ca. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Britannica. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 13 ??????? 2008 ????.
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 26 ??????? 2008 ????.
- Britannica. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 29 ??????? 2008 ????.
- . www.kdmid.ru. ???? ?????????: 2 ??????? 2020. 29 ??????? 2020 ????.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- BirdLife IBA Factsheet. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- . restinworld.ru. ???? ?????????: 2 ??????? 2020. 2 ??????? 2020 ????.
- Statoids. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 27 ??????? 2008 ????.
- Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 29 ??????? 2008 ????.
- ? J. Gordon Melton . Burundi // Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices / J. Gordon Melton , Martin Baumann. — Oxford, England: ABC CLIO, 2010. — ?. 458. — 3200 ?. — ISBN 1-57607-223-1 .
- ? Everyculture.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 6 ???? 2008 ????.
- (??.) . RFI (29 ??????? 2014). ???? ?????????: 7 ??????? 2023. 14 ???? 2021 ????.
- Ethnologue.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- Britannica. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ??????? // ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????? / ???. ????????? ?. ?. ???????? ? ??. — ?. : ?????-??????? , 2011. — ?. 116. — (??????? ?????? ????). — 5000 ???. — ISBN 978-5-386-03063-6 .
- ? ?????? ????. ??????????? ??????????. — ?.: ??? "?? «???????????? ??? ?????», 2005. — 416 ?.
- ? Infoplease.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 23 ??????? 2011 ????.
- ? . Reuters . 2010-06-24. ?? ????????? 27 ??? 2018 . ???? ?????????: 29 ??????? 2017 .
- ? Nationsencyclopedia.com. (????.) . ???? ?????????: 6 ???? 2008. 27 ??????? 2008 ????.
- . www.unitrade.su (14 ??????? 2013). ???? ?????????: 5 ??????? 2018. ???????????? ?? 6 ??????? 2018 ????.
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xandria
- 2021-02-15
- 2
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Франк Руанды и Бурунди
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