Interested Article - Хавала (политический скандал)

« ???????? ??????? » ( ????. Hawala scandal , ????? ???????? ??? « ?????? ??????? » ????. Hawala scam ) — ????????? ???????????? ??????? 1990-? ?????, ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? . ????????? ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ? ??????? . ????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? .

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??????? ???????? ? 1991 ???? , ????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ????????????? «??????? ?????», ??????? ???? ????????? ??????. ? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????, ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????, ? ??? ????? ? ?? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????. ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ????? ????. ? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????.

????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? , ????? ????? ????? , , , , , , ?????? ??????? ? . ? 1997—1998 ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ??? ????????, ??? ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ???? ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ????????. ????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ? ??? . ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? .

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Open letter to Prime Minister of India Narsimhanrao, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression, July 16, 2001 accessed at ?? 28 ???????? 2007 ?? Wayback Machine Nov 2, 2006
Sudha Mahalingam, Jain Hawala Case: Diaries as evidence , Frontline magazine, Vol.15: No.06: Mar 21 — Apr 3, 1998, accessed at . ???? ?????????: 2 ?????? 2006. 10 ????? 2007 ????. Nov 2, 2006
A glaring CBI failure , editorial, The Tribune, Feb 2, 2000 accessed at ?? 6 ???? 2011 ?? Wayback Machine Nov 2, 2006

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Kapoor, S. (1996), Bad Money, Bad Politics: The Untold Hawala Story , Har-Anand Publications, Delhi — cited (p.22) by Ashok V. Desai in The Economics and Politics of Transition to an Open Market Economy: India , OECD Working Paper 155 accessed at Nov 2, 2006
Hawala. An Informal Payment System and Its Use to Finance Terrorism by Sebastian R. Müller (Dec. 2006), ISBN 3-86550-656-9