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article title for Кольца Урана on wafarin.com

Interested Article - Кольца Урана

????? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?????
???? ? ??? ??????, ?????? JWST (??????? 2023)

??????? ?????? — ??????? ????? , ?????????? ??????? ???? . ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? 10 ????? 1977 ???? ???????? ???????? , ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? . ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????: ??? — « ?????????-2 » ? 1986 ???? , ??? ??? — ?????????? «?????» ? 2003—2005 ?????.

?? 200 ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???? ???????.

?? ????????? ?? 2008 ??? ???????? 13 ?????. ? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???: 1986U2R/ ? , 6, 5, 4, ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? ? ? . ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? 1986U2R/? (38 000 ??), ???????????? — ?????? ? (?????????????? 98 000 ??). ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????. ?????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? 2 %. ????????, ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ???????? .

??????????? ????? ????? ???????????. ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? 20 ??????????? ?? 20 ??????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????: ??????? ??????? 1986U2R/?, ? ? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ????. ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? .

?????????, ??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?? ????????? 600 ????????? ???. ????????? ??????? ?????, ????????, ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????. ? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????.

?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????, ???????????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????????. ????????????? ?????????, ??? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? «?????????-????????», ??????? ? ???????????? ??? ?????, ?? ? 1986 ???? ???????-2 ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ( ???????? ? ?????? ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? — ?.

??????? ??????????

? ??????? ???????????????? ?????, ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?? 22 ??????? 1789 ???? . ? ??????????? ? ??????????? ?? ???????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ? ????? . 4 ????? 1787 ???? ?? ???????, ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? R ? ????? r ? ?????????????? 20-???????? ?????????? ? ??????, ??? «??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????». ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ? ????????, ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ? 1797 ???? . ?????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ???????? — ? 1797 ?? 1979 ??? — ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? . ??? ?? ?????, ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? . ? ?????????, ??????? ???? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ? 2006 ???? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? . ??????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???????, ??????? ????? ? ?? ????????? ??????????? .

???????? ? ???????? (??????? ?? ????????)

??????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ???? 10 ????? 1977 ???? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? , ???????? ???????? ( ????. Edward W. Dunham) ? ( ????. ), ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? . ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? — ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? SAO 158687 . ??????, ?????????? ?????????????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??????, ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????. ? ?????????? ???? ??????? 9 ????? ????? . ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????, ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ????????? ????? .

????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? « ???????-2 », ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? 2 ??????, ? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? 11. ???????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? 1986 U 1R ? 1986 U 2R. ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????-???? ????????????? ????????. ????????????? ?????? 1986 U 1R ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????: ??? ????????? ????? ???????? ? ? ?, ????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? . ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?. ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? .

? ??????? 2005 ???? ??????????? ???????? «?????» ??????????????? ??? 2 ????? ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? «????????». ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? R/2003 U1 ? R/2003 U2, ? ? ??????? 2006 ???? ?????????? — ? ? ?. ?????? ?????, «?????» ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ( ??? ) ????? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ? ????? ??????? ??????. ? ???? ???????? , ??????? ?????????????????? ???? ????? ? ?????????, ??????? ?? «?????? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????» . ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? 13 .

? ?????? 2006 ???? ??????????? ????? ?????, ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? , ????????? ????????? ?? ????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????, ? ?????? (????? ???????) — ????? . ?????? ? ?????? ?????, ??????????????? ?????? ?????, ???????????? ? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? 1/10 ??????? . ????????????, ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???, ??? ??? ????????, ????? ????, ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ??????????? ??? . ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? .

????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ? ?????. ????? ????, ????????, ? 2007 2008 ????? . ????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?? ???????, «??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ?? ??? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ????????». ?????? ???????, ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ? ???, ??? «????????????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ? «?????????» ? 1986 ???? ? ??? ????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ? ?????? ????????? ????????» . ???? ???? ?????????, ? ?????????, ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ?????? 1986 U 2R, ?????????????? «?????????», ? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ?, ? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????????? .

???????? ????????

?????????? ?????? ?????: ????? ????? — ?????? ?, ????? ????? 8 ?????? ?????????? ?????

??????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ???? 13 ????????? ?????????? ?????. ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????????? ? ????????? ???????: 1986U2R/?, 6, 5, 4, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ? . ?? ????? ????????? ?? 3 ??????: 9 ????? ??????? ????? (6, 5, 4, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?) , ??? ??????? ?????? (1986U2R/?, ?) ? ??? ??????? ?????? (?, ?) .

??????? ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???? . ??????? ???????, ??? ????????, ???????????? ? ??????? 1986U2R/?, ?, ?, ?, ? ? ? . ????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?????, ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? . ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? . ????????? ?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ???? . ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????-2 . ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? .

?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ?????????????? ??????? ??????, ???????????? ??????, ?? ????????? 5-6 %, ? ??????? ????? — ????? 2 % . ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? — ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???? (??????? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ?????????) . ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? — ?? ??????????? ? ??????? ???????????? . ?????-???? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ? ????? ?? ???????????.

?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????, ???, ????????, ?????? ??????? , ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? . ??? ????????? ?? ??, ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????????. ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????, ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? , ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ?????. ????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ? ???, ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? .

? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? , ?? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? , ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? . ?????? ? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ? ???-??? ?????: ?????? F ??????? ? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????, ???????????? ?????? ? «???????» ????? ????????? . ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? G ? E ??????? . ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? . ?????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ??????? . ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????, ?? ???????, ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ????; ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ? ????? .

????? ??????? ??????

? (???????)

???????? ?????? ? (?????? «????????-2»)

?????? ? (???????) — ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ??????????? ???????? . ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? .

??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????????: ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????), ? ????? ????? — ?????? ?????????? (????? ???????) . ??? ???????? ????????? 2,5—3,0 ??? ? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????????? 19,7 ?? ? ?????????? ? 96,4 ?? ? ????????? . ?? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????, ??????????? ?????????? «?????????» ????????? ???? ?????, ? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????????, ??? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? . ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????, ?????????? «?????????-2», ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? . ??? ????????? ?? ??, ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? . ?????????????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????, ??????????? ? ????? ? «????????-2», ????????, ??? ??? ?????????? «?????????? ???????» ??????????? ?? 0,5 ?? 2,5 ? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. «????????????? ???????» ?????? ? — ????? 47 ?????????? ? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? .

?????? ??????? ?????? (?????? ????: ?, ?, ?, ? ? ?). ? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????

?????????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????????, ????, ?? ????????? ???????, ?????????? ???????? 150 ?????? . ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ? — ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ??????: ??? ????????, ?? ?????? ???????, 0,8—6 % ????????????, ????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? — 0,2—20 ?????? . ??-?? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ?????. ??? ????????? ? 2007 ????, ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? . ?????? ?????????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? .

«???????-2» ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ???????????? « » . ?? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? 3,6 ??. ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?. ????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? . ??????, ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? , ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????????????.

? ???? ???? ??? «????????-???????» — ???????? (??????????) ? ?????? (???????) . ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? 24:25 ? ?????????, ? ??????? ???? — ? ????????? 14:13 ? ??????? . ????? ?????????? «?????» (?????????? ? ???????????? ????????) ??????, ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? . ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ? 10 16 ?? .

? (??????)

????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? (??????????? ???????? ?????????-2 ? 1986)

?????? ? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ?????????? . ? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? . ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ???, ??? ? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? . ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ????????? 23:22 ? ????????? .

?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????: ??????, ????????? ????????, ? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? . ?????? ?????? ?????????? — 4,1—6,1 ??, ??? ????????????? ??????? — 2,2 ??, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? 0,3—0,6 . ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????????? 10—12 ??, ? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ? 0,3 ??, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? 3 × 10 ?2 .

??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ??? ??? ?? ??????? «????????-2» ?????? ?????? ?? ????? . ????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????-2 ??? ?????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ? ??? ??????? ?????????? . ????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ? 2007 ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????????, ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? .

? (?????)

?????? ? ?????, ????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????????????. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? . ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? 3,6 ?? 4,7 ??, ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? 3,3 ?? . ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? — 0,7—0,9. ?? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ???? ??????????, ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????????????? ??????, ??? ? ?????? ? , ? ??????????? ?????? ???? . ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? . ??????????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ????????? 6:5 ? ??????? .

? (???)

?????? ? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? . ??????? ?????? ?, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????: ?????? ????????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? . ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? 1,9—2,7 ??, ? ????????????? ??????? — ????? 0,42 ??, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ? 0,16—0,25 . ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? 40 ?? ? ????????????? ??????? ????? 0,85 ??, ???, ? ???? ???????, ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? 2?10 ?2 .

?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ? «????????-2» . ? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????, ?? ???? ???????????, ? ??????? ?????????? . ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????. ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ????, ????? ?????? ? ?????????????????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? . ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????, ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ??? ???? «?????????» .

? ? ? (????? ? ????)

? ? ? — ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ????? . ??? ? ? ?????? ?, ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? . ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? 30° ?? ????????? , ? ?????????? — ? 30° ?? ?????????? . ?????? ? ? ? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? . ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? 4,8—10 ?? ? 6,1—11,4 ?? ?????????????? . ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? 3,29 ? 2,14 ??, ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? 0,3—0,7 ? 0,2—0,35 ?????????????? .

?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ??? ????????, ??? ???, ??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ?, ????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ???? . ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?, ??????? ????? ???????? ? «???????-2» . ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ? ? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? 5?10 15 ??, ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? .

?????? 6, 5 ? 4

?????? 6, 5 ? 4 — ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? . ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? — ?????????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ? . ????? ????, ?? ?????????? (0,06°, 0,05° ? 0,03° ??????????????) ???? ?????????? ????????, ????? «???????-2» ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? 24—46 ?? . ?????? 6, 5 ? 4 — ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? — ???????? 1,6—2,2 ??, 1,9—4,9 ?? ? 2,4—4,4 ?? ?????????????? . ?? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? 0,41 ??, 0,91 ?? ? 0,71 ??, ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? 0,18—0,25, 0,18—0,48 ? 0,16—0,3 ?????????????? . ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ???? ??-?? ???????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???? .

??????? ??????

? (??????)

?????????? ?????? ?????. ????? «?????????-2» ??? ??????? ??????? ????: 172,5° (?? ???? ?? ???????, ??????????????? ??????). ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????, ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????

?????? ? — ???? ?? ???? ?????, ???????? «?????????-2» ? 1986 ???? . ??? ????? ? ??????? ??????, ????????????? ????? ??????? ? ? ??? «?????????-????????» ????????? . ??? ???????????? ? ???????-?????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????? — ????? 1-2 ?? — ? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? 0,1-0,2 ?? ?? ????? ????? 2,2 ??? . ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? — 0,1-0,2 . ?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????. ? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?? 0,36 ??, ??? ?????????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ???????????????? ????????? «?????????-2» . ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ? 2,2 ??? ???? ???????? ???? ? 1996 ???? .

??????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? ? 1986 ???? . ??? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ???? ?????? ? . ??? ?????????? ????? ? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??, ??? ?????? ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? . ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? — 10 ?4 —10 ?3 . ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ? 2007 ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????, ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? .

????????? ?????? ??????? ? «????????-2» ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ? . ?????????, ???????, ???????? ??????????????, ????????? ??????? ????? . ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? .

1986U2R / ? (?????)

?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? 1986U2R/?

? 1986 ???? «???????-2» ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ?????? 6 . ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? 1986U2R. ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? 10 ?3 ??? ?????? ? ???? ??????????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????, ????????? «?????????-2» . ?????? ??????????? ????? 37 000 ? 39 500 ?? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? 12 000 ?? ???? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? 2003—2004 ?????, ???? ????????? ???????????? ???? (??????) ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 6. ?????? ??????? ? . ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ? 1986 ????. ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? 37 850 ? 41 350 ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? 32 600 ?? . ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ???? ? 2007 ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? . ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? — ????? 1 ?? (0,6 ??? ??????????? ????? ??????), ? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ? ??????, ?? ????????? 10 ?3 .

??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ? ? 1986 ? 2003 ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????: ?????????? ????????? ????????? ? 2003—2007 ????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? 1986 ???? . ?????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ????????????? ???? (???????, ??? ????????, ??????????? ? ??????) ? ??????? ??? 20 ??? .

?????? ??????? ??????

? ?????????? ? ??????? 1986U2R/? ? ? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????, ???? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? . ??????????? ? «????????-2» ? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ? ?, ????? ???????? ? ? ?, ? ????? ???????? ? ? 4 . ?????? ?? ????????????? ? 1986 ???? ??????? ????? ? 2003—2004 ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????? ? 2007 ???? ? ???????-?????????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ? ????????-2 . ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? — ????? 10 ?5 ??? ??????. ????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????????, ???????? ???????????????? ? ??????????? ??????? p = 2,5 ± 0,5 .

??????? ??????? ?????

? ? ? — ?????? ????? (R/2003 U1 ? U2), ???????????? ?????????? «?????» ? 2005

? 2003—2005 ??. ???????? «?????» ????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? 13 . ???????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ? ? (?? ? ??) . ?????? ? ? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ??? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ? (???) . ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???????, 17000 ? 3800 ?? ???????, ? ????? ???????. ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? — 8,5 × 10 ?6 ? 5,4 × 10 ?6 . ????????????? ?????????? ??????? — 0,14 ?? ? 0,012 ??. ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? .

??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? — ??? , ???????, ????????, ? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? . ????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ? ?. ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? . ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? G ? E ? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? G ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? — ????????? ??????, ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? E ??????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???????? .

????????, ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????, ??? ?????-???? ??????? ??????. ??? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????, ??????? ??? ? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? 2,2 ???, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? . ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???, ? ???? ???????, ?????????, ??? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? (????????????) ???? . ????????, ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? . ?????? ?, ????????, ????? ??????????? ??????? .

???????? ????? ? ?? ?????????????

????? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ????????? ??????, ???????????? ?? ??????? «????????-2»

?????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????????, ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??, ? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? . ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????? : ??? ???? ????????????? ?????????, ??????? ? ?????????? «???????», ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? (???, ??? ????????????, ???????). «???????» ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? . ??? ????? ????? ?????????-???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? 2—3 ????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?, ???????, ??? ????????, «?????» ???????? ? ?????? . ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? «????????» ??? ?????? ?, ? ?????? — ??? ?. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? 10 ?????????? . ??????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????. ?????????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? 6 × 10 8 ??? .

??? ??? ?????? ?????, ????????, ??????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? . ?? ????????? ???????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???. ??????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? . ????? ???????, ????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??? . ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???? . ? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????, ? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????? ? «???????». ???????? ????????? ????? «?????????????? ????????» ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????. ?? ??????????? ???????, ?? ???????????? ?????? — ????? 10 ?????????? .

????????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????????????? ???? ????? ????????, ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???, ?, ??-????????, ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????, ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? , ????????? ? ??????? ????? ????? . ????? ??????????? ???? ????????? ? ?????? ???????? ??-?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ????? . ??????????????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????. ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????. ????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ?????, ??? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????-?????????? ????? . ? ??????? ???????, ????????, ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ??????? .

???????????? ?????

?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? «????????-2» ???? ????? ? ?????? 1986 ???? . ???? ?????????? 2 ????? ?????? — ? ? 1986U2R, ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? 11. ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????- , ???????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? . «???????-2» ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ????? . ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????????????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? . ?? ???????????? ???? ????? — ? ? ? — ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????????? . ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? 10 ?????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ??? «????????-???????» ?????? ? — ???????? ? ?????? .

?????? ?????

? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????.

???????? ?????? ?????? (??) ?????? (??) ?????. ??????? (??) ?. ???. ??????? ??????? (?) ????. ?????????? (°) ??????????
? c 32 000—37 850 3500 0,6 ~ 10 ?4 ? ? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?
1986U2R 37 000—39 500 2500 ? < 10 ?3 ? ? ? ?????? ??????? ??????
? 37 850—41 350 3500 1 < 10 ?3 ? ? ?
6 41 837 1,6—2,2 0,41 0,18—0,25 ? 1,0 × 10 ?3 0,062
5 42 234 1,9—4,9 0,91 0,18—0,48 ? 1,9 × 10 ?3 0,054
4 42 570 2,4—4,4 0,71 0,16—0,30 ? 1,1 × 10 ?3 0,032
? 44 718 4,8—10,0 3,39 0,3—0,7 ? 0,8 × 10 ?3 0,015
? 45 661 6,1—11,4 2,14 0,20—0,35 ? 0,4 × 10 ?3 0,005
? 47 175 1,9—2,7 0,42 0,16—0,25 ? 0 0,001
? c 47 176 40 0,85 2 × 10 ?2 ? 0 0,001 ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?
? 47 627 3,6—4,7 3,3 0,7—0,9 150? 0,1 × 10 ?3 0,002
? c 48 300 10—12 0,3 3 × 10 ?2 ? 0 0,001 ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?
? 48 300 4,1—6,1 2,2 0,3—0,6 ? 0 0,001
? 50 023 1—2 0,2 0,1—0,2 ? 0? 0? ?????? ??????? ??????
? 51 149 19,7—96,4 47 0,5—2,5 150? 7,9 × 10 ?3 0 «???????» ????????? ? ???????
? 66 100—69 900 3800 0,012 5,4 × 10 ?6 ? ? ? ????? ??????? ? ??????????
? 86 000—103 000 17 000 0,14 8,5 × 10 ?6 ? ? ? ?????? ?? ???

??????????

???????????
  • ????? (??????) ?????????? ???? — ????, ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? 90° (??????????????, ??????? ???? ?????? 90°).
  • ??????? ?????????? ???? — ????, ??????????? ?? ????, ??????? 90° (??????? ???????, ? ??????? ??? ?????????). ??????? ???? ?????? 90°.
  1. ??????? ????? 6,5,4, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ? ? ? ????? ?? Esposito et al., 2002.
  2. ?????? ????? 6,5,4, ?, ?, ?, ?, ? ? ? ????? ?? Karkoshka et al., 2001.
  3. ?????? ? ?????? ? ? 1986U2R ????? ????? ?? Pater et al., 2006.
  4. ?????? ?????? ? ?? Holberg et al., 1987.
  5. ?????? ? ?????? ????? ? ? ? ???? ??????? Showalter et al., 2006.
  6. ????????????? ??????? (??) ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??????? ???????, ED=??dr, ??? r ??????.
  7. ????????????? ??????? ?????? 1986U2R ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????. ????????????? ??????? ????? 6,5,4, ?, ?, ?, ?, ? ? ? ????? ?? Karkoshka et al, 2001.
  8. ????????????? ??????? ????? ? ? ?, ? ? ? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?EW ????????, ?????????? de Pater et al., 2006 ? de Pater et al., 2006b ??????????????.
  9. ???????? ?EW ???? ???????? ?? 20, ??? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? 5 %.
  10. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? (?) ?????? — ??? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??????, ? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????????. ??? ?????, ?????????? ????? ??????, ????? ???????? ? e ?? ???.
  11. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ????? 1986U2R, ? ? ?, ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???????. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 1986U2R ????? ?? Smith et al., 1986.
  12. ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ? ? ????? — ??? ???????????? ???????? ?? Showalter et al., 2006.
  13. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? Lane et al., 1986.
  14. ?????????????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?? Stone, 1986 ? French et al., 1989.
?????????
  1. (????.) , BBC (19 April 2007). 15 ????? 2012 ????. ???? ?????????: 19 ?????? 2007.
  2. (????.) . Physorg.com (2007). ???? ?????????: 20 ???? 2007. 11 ??????? 2011 ????.
  3. ? Imke dePater, Heidi B. Hammel, Seran G. Gibbard, Mark R. Showalter. (????.) // Science. — 2006. — Vol. 312 . — P. 92—94 . — doi : . 11 ??????? 2007 ????.
  4. (????.) : Discovery and Mythology — Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media , 2010. — P. 96—97. — 142 p. — ISBN 978-3-540-68852-5
  5. J. L. Elliot, E. Dunham, D. Mink. (????.) . Cornell University (1977). ???? ?????????: 9 ???? 2007. 11 ??????? 2011 ????.
  6. ? (????.) : Discovery and Mythology — Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Science+Business Media , 2010. — P. 92—95. — 142 p. — ISBN 978-3-540-68852-5
  7. (????.) . ???? ????????? ????? (2005). ???? ?????????: 9 ???? 2007. 11 ??????? 2011 ????.
  8. Robert Sanders. (????.) . UC Berkeley News (6 ???? 2006). ???? ?????????: 3 ??????? 2006. 11 ??????? 2011 ????.
  9. Stephen Battersby. (????.) . NewScientistSpace (2006). ???? ?????????: 9 ???? 2007. 11 ??????? 2011 ????.
  10. Imke de Pater, H. B. Hammel, Mark R. Showalter, Marcos A. van Dam. (????.) // Science (New York, N.Y.). — 2007-09-28. — Vol. 317 , iss. 5846 . — P. 1888–1890 . — ISSN . — doi : . 19 ?????? 2022 ????.
  11. ? Mark R. Showalter, Jack J. Lissauer. (????.) // Science. — 2006. — P. 973—977 . 16 ?????? 2018 ????.
  12. ? Larry W. Esposito. // Reports On Progress In Physics. — 2002. — ?. 1741—1783 .
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