Аббот, Джеймс
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Interested Article - Хинете
jan
- 2020-06-19
- 1
??????? (???????) ( ???. jinete , ????. ginete , ????. «?????») — ?????????? ???????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? , ? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????-????????? ? ?????????????????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????? ( ???-??????? ), ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? . ?????????????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? — ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? . ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????????? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?????????? .
?????? — ?????? ????????? ????????????? ???????
? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?????????, ? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????, ? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? «????????????» ????????? ???????: ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????? ????? ??? ?????, ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?? ???????? XIV ????, ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? , ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????/????? ????????? ? «????? ?????» (?????? ? ??????) ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???????? , ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ????? ?? ???????? :
??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ????, ???????? ????? ??? ??????, ? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????; ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ?? ??????? (??? ????) ????? ? ??????????????, ??? ????????? ???????, ????????????? ??????? ? ????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????????? …
????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? — ???????, ?????? ??????? , ?????? ????? , ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? — ???-??? ??????? ? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????: ???????? ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ???????? , ????????- ???????? ? ????? ?? ?????. ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? - ???????? , ? ????? XIV ???? ????????? ????????- ??????? , ? ? XV ???? — ?????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ???? ???????- ?????? ?????? ?????.
???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????, ??????? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????. ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ? ???????????? ???????? ?????. ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ? ???. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? (??????) II , ????????, ? ???????? ?? ???????, ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ???????.
???????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ?????? «??????». ???, ? ??????? 1356 ?. ????? IV ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ???????? ????????? , ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????????????? ??????. ? ????? XIV ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? 1—1,5 ???. ???????, ??? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? 2 ???. (???????????) ? ???? 4 ???. (??????) ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ? 6—10 ???. ???????.
???????? ??? ??????????? ????
????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????: ????? ( ????????? ), (?????) ( ???? ), ? ( ??????? ), ? ????? ??????? ( ??? ? ?????? ). ????????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? .
??????????
- ???. ??: ?????????? ?. ?. ????????? ????? XIV ????????: ??????? ??????? ? ??????. ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? 29 ?????? 2012 ?? Wayback Machine .
- ????????, ???. ??????? ??????, ???????, ??????? ? ???????? ?????. ????? 245.
?????????
- (??????????? ??????)
- ?????? ?., ??????? ?., ????? ?., ???????? ?., ????????? ?. ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. 1000—1500. ?.: «?????», 2007.
jan
- 2020-06-19
- 1
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